महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-96, verse-28

नहुष उवाच ।
अतिथिं गृहस्थो नुदतु कामवृत्तोऽस्तु दीक्षितः ।
विद्यां प्रयच्छतु भृतो यस्ते हरति पुष्करम् ॥२८॥

28. nahuṣa uvāca ,
atithiṁ gṛhastho nudatu kāmavṛtto'stu dīkṣitaḥ ,
vidyāṁ prayacchatu bhṛto yaste harati puṣkaram.

28. nahuṣaḥ uvāca | atithim gṛhasthaḥ nudatu kāmavṛttaḥ astu
dīkṣitaḥ | vidyām prayacchatu bhṛtaḥ yaḥ te harati puṣkaram

28. nahuṣaḥ uvāca yaḥ te puṣkaram harati,
saḥ gṛhasthaḥ atithim nudatu,
dīkṣitaḥ kāmavṛttaḥ astu,
ca bhṛtaḥ vidyām prayacchatu

28. Nahuṣa said: "Let him who takes your lotus (puṣkaram) be a householder who drives away guests; let him be one who, though initiated (dīkṣita), acts according to his desires; and let him be one who imparts knowledge only for hire."

Words meanings summery:

• नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - King Nahuṣa (Nahuṣa (a king's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अतिथिम् (atithim) - a guest, a stranger

• गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder

• नुदतु (nudatu) - let him push away, let him drive away, let him remove

• कामवृत्तः (kāmavṛttaḥ) - uncontrolled in his desires (acting according to desire, unrestrained, capricious)

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - one who has been consecrated for a ritual (initiated, consecrated, vowed)

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• प्रयच्छतु (prayacchatu) - let him give, let him bestow, let him impart

• भृतः (bhṛtaḥ) - one who is hired (to teach) (hired, paid, maintained)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, what

• ते (te) - you, your

• हरति (harati) - he takes away, he carries, he steals, he removes, he seizes

• पुष्करम् (puṣkaram) - lotus (referring to a specific object) (lotus; water; sky; war; the tip of an elephant's trunk)

Words meanings and morphology

नहुषः (nahuṣaḥ) - King Nahuṣa (Nahuṣa (a king's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nahuṣa

nahuṣa - name of a king

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root: vac (class 2)

अतिथिम् (atithim) - a guest, a stranger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, one who comes without fixed time (tithi)

गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one abiding in the house (gṛha)

From gṛha (house) + stha (abiding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, abiding, existing
  adjective
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

नुदतु (nudatu) - let him push away, let him drive away, let him remove

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nud

Imperative Active

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Expresses a wish or command (curse).

कामवृत्तः (kāmavṛttaḥ) - uncontrolled in his desires (acting according to desire, unrestrained, capricious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmavṛtta

kāmavṛtta - acting according to desire, self-willed, unrestrained

Compound of kāma (desire) and vṛtta (behaved, acted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – behaved, acted, occurred, state, conduct
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to turn, to exist, to behave)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the dīkṣita person.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative Active

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses a wish or command (curse).

दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - one who has been consecrated for a ritual (initiated, consecrated, vowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīkṣita

dīkṣita - initiated, consecrated, having taken a vow for a ritual

Past Passive Participle

From root dīkṣ (to consecrate, initiate, undertake a vow)

Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person who is cursed to act according to whims.

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, discipline

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

प्रयच्छतु (prayacchatu) - let him give, let him bestow, let him impart

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prayaCch

Imperative Active

From root dā (to give) with prefix pra, stem changes to yacch in some forms

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Expresses a wish or command (curse).

भृतः (bhṛtaḥ) - one who is hired (to teach) (hired, paid, maintained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛta

bhṛta - hired, nourished, supported, borne, paid

Past Passive Participle

From root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain, hire)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Describes the person who imparts knowledge.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun stem

ते (te) - you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

pronominal stem

Note: Also could be genitive singular. In this context, it acts as 'your' (possessive).

हरति (harati) - he takes away, he carries, he steals, he removes, he seizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of hṛ

Present Active

Root: hṛ (class 1)

पुष्करम् (puṣkaram) - lotus (referring to a specific object) (lotus; water; sky; war; the tip of an elephant's trunk)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṣkara

puṣkara - lotus; blue lotus; water; sky; war; a specific measure; the tip of an elephant's trunk; a specific type of drum; a specific sacred place