महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-99, verse-47

वृद्धं बलं न हन्तव्यं नैव स्त्री न च वै द्विजः ।
तृणपूर्णमुखश्चैव तवास्मीति च यो वदेत् ॥४७॥

47. vṛddhaṁ balaṁ na hantavyaṁ naiva strī na ca vai dvijaḥ ,
tṛṇapūrṇamukhaścaiva tavāsmīti ca yo vadet.

47. vṛddham balam na hantavyam na eva strī na ca vai dvijaḥ
tṛṇapūrṇamukhaḥ ca eva tava asmi iti ca yaḥ vadet

47. vṛddham balam na hantavyam na eva strī na ca vai dvijaḥ
yaḥ tṛṇapūrṇamukhaḥ ca eva tava asmi iti ca vadet

47. An aged army should not be killed, nor a woman, nor a Brahmin (dvija); and whoever says, "I am yours," with a mouth full of grass (a sign of surrender), should indeed not be killed.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - aged, old, grown

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength, power

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्तव्यम् (hantavyam) - should be killed, ought to be slain

• न (na) - nor

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• स्त्री (strī) - woman, female

• न (na) - nor

• च (ca) - and

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin, a twice-born

• तृणपूर्णमुखः (tṛṇapūrṇamukhaḥ) - indicating surrender or submission (with a mouth full of grass)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• तव (tava) - your, yours

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, (indicating direct speech)

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• वदेत् (vadet) - he would say, he should say

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धम् (vṛddham) - aged, old, grown

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛdh (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength, power

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, host

Note: Object of the implied killing.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्तव्यम् (hantavyam) - should be killed, ought to be slain

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, killable, destructible

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

From root han (to strike, kill) with tavya affix.

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

स्त्री (strī) - woman, female

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Subject of implied 'should be killed'.

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a Brahmin, a twice-born

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born; a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Compound of dvi (two) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of implied 'should be killed'.

तृणपूर्णमुखः (tṛṇapūrṇamukhaḥ) - indicating surrender or submission (with a mouth full of grass)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇapūrṇamukha

tṛṇapūrṇamukha - having a mouth full of grass

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tṛṇa+pūrṇa+mukha)

• tṛṇa – grass, straw
  noun (neuter)
• pūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pṛ (to fill).
  Root: pṛ (class 9)
• mukha – mouth, face, opening
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies the implied subject 'yaḥ' (who).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

तव (tava) - your, yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive pronoun.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

1st person singular present active.

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, (indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of vadet.

वदेत् (vadet) - he would say, he should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Optative Mood

3rd person singular optative active.

Root: vad (class 1)