महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-99, verse-46

एतत्तपश्च पुण्यं च धर्मश्चैव सनातनः ।
चत्वारश्चाश्रमास्तस्य यो युद्धे न पलायते ॥४६॥

46. etattapaśca puṇyaṁ ca dharmaścaiva sanātanaḥ ,
catvāraścāśramāstasya yo yuddhe na palāyate.

46. etat tapaḥ ca puṇyam ca dharmaḥ ca eva sanātanaḥ
catvāraḥ ca āśramāḥ tasya yaḥ yuddhe na palāyate

46. etat tapaḥ ca puṇyam ca sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ ca eva
yaḥ yuddhe na palāyate tasya catvāraḥ ca āśramāḥ

46. This is indeed the austerity (tapas), the merit, and the eternal natural law (dharma); and the four stages of life (āśrama) belong to him who does not flee in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

• च (ca) - and

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, righteousness

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, righteousness, duty

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, perpetual, ancient

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• च (ca) - and

• आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - stages of life

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• न (na) - not, no

• पलायते (palāyate) - he flees, he runs away

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - merit, virtue, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, sacred, holy; merit, virtue

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order, intrinsic nature, constitution

From root dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, perpetual, ancient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, primeval

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with āśramāḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आश्रमाः (āśramāḥ) - stages of life

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrama

āśrama - stage of life, hermitage, spiritual retreat

From ā + root śram (to toil, exert).

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पलायते (palāyate) - he flees, he runs away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of palāy

Present Indicative

3rd person singular present middle (ātmanepada). Compound of para + ā + root i (to go).

Prefixes: parā+ā

Root: i (class 2)