महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-99, verse-18

चापवेगायतस्तीक्ष्णः परकायावदारणः ।
ऋजुः सुनिशितः पीतः सायकोऽस्य स्रुवो महान् ॥१८॥

18. cāpavegāyatastīkṣṇaḥ parakāyāvadāraṇaḥ ,
ṛjuḥ suniśitaḥ pītaḥ sāyako'sya sruvo mahān.

18. cāpa-vega-āyataḥ tīkṣṇaḥ para-kāya-avadāraṇaḥ
ṛjuḥ su-niśitaḥ pītaḥ sāyakaḥ asya sruvaḥ mahān

18. asya sāyakaḥ cāpa-vega-āyataḥ tīkṣṇaḥ
para-kāya-avadāraṇaḥ ṛjuḥ su-niśitaḥ pītaḥ mahān sruvaḥ

18. His arrow, impelled by the bow's force, keen, tearing apart enemies' bodies, straight, very sharp, and gleaming, is a great sacrificial spoon (sruva).

Words meanings summery:

• चाप-वेग-आयतः (cāpa-vega-āyataḥ) - impelled by the bow's force (extended by the force of the bow)

• तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - sharp, keen

• पर-काय-अवदारणः (para-kāya-avadāraṇaḥ) - tearing apart enemies' bodies (tearing apart others' bodies)

• ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straight (straight, direct, honest)

• सु-निशितः (su-niśitaḥ) - very sharp, well-sharpened

• पीतः (pītaḥ) - polished, gleaming (drunk; yellow; polished)

• सायकः (sāyakaḥ) - arrow

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• स्रुवः (sruvaḥ) - sacrificial spoon

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

चाप-वेग-आयतः (cāpa-vega-āyataḥ) - impelled by the bow's force (extended by the force of the bow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cāpa-vega-āyata

cāpa-vega-āyata - extended by bow's speed/force

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (cāpa+vega+āyata)

• cāpa – bow
  noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 6)
• āyata – extended, stretched, long
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to restrain, stretch) with ā prefix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sāyakaḥ

तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - sharp, keen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent

Root: tij (class 2)

Note: Qualifies sāyakaḥ

पर-काय-अवदारणः (para-kāya-avadāraṇaḥ) - tearing apart enemies' bodies (tearing apart others' bodies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para-kāya-avadāraṇa

para-kāya-avadāraṇa - tearing apart others' bodies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+kāya+avadāraṇa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• kāya – body
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ci (class 5)
• avadāraṇa – tearing, splitting, breaking
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  Derived from root dṛ (to tear) with ava prefix and -ana suffix
  Prefix: ava
  Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sāyakaḥ

ऋजुः (ṛjuḥ) - straight (straight, direct, honest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛju

ṛju - straight, direct, honest

Note: Qualifies sāyakaḥ

सु-निशितः (su-niśitaḥ) - very sharp, well-sharpened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of su-niśita

su-niśita - very sharp, well-sharpened

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+niśita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• niśita – sharpened, keen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śā (to sharpen) with ni prefix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: śā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies sāyakaḥ

पीतः (pītaḥ) - polished, gleaming (drunk; yellow; polished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīta

pīta - drunk (from pā); yellow (from pīta); polished, gleaming (related to pīta meaning yellow/bright)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pā (to drink) or pī (to swell, to be yellow)

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sāyakaḥ

सायकः (sāyakaḥ) - arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow

Root: ṣi (class 1)

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warrior/sacrificer mentioned implicitly

स्रुवः (sruvaḥ) - sacrificial spoon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sruva

sruva - sacrificial spoon, ladle (smaller than sruc)

Root: sru (class 1)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies sruvaḥ