महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-99, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
के लोका युध्यमानानां शूराणामनिवर्तिनाम् ।
भवन्ति निधनं प्राप्य तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
ke lokā yudhyamānānāṁ śūrāṇāmanivartinām ,
bhavanti nidhanaṁ prāpya tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ke lokāḥ yudhyamānānām śūrāṇām
anivartinām bhavanti nidhanam prāpya tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitāmaha yudhyamānānām anivartinām
śūrāṇām nidhanam prāpya ke lokāḥ bhavanti tat me brūhi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O Grandfather, tell me, what realms do those brave warriors attain who fight without turning back and meet their death?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pandava brothers and king (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king, eldest Pandava brother))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (he said, spoke)

• के (ke) - what (realms) (what, which, who)

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, heavenly realms (worlds, realms, people)

• युध्यमानानाम् (yudhyamānānām) - of those who are fighting (of those fighting, battling)

• शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of brave warriors (of heroes, brave men, warriors)

• अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who do not retreat (of those not turning back, unwavering)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they attain (they become, attain, exist)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, end)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having met (death) (having obtained, having reached)

• तत् (tat) - that (matter/question) (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhīṣma) (grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest of the Pandava brothers and king (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king, eldest Pandava brother))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound: yudhi (loc. of yudh, battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

के (ke) - what (realms) (what, which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - what, which, who

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, heavenly realms (worlds, realms, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

युध्यमानानाम् (yudhyamānānām) - of those who are fighting (of those fighting, battling)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present middle/passive participle

From √yudh (to fight) + śānac suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

शूराणाम् (śūrāṇām) - of brave warriors (of heroes, brave men, warriors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valorous

अनिवर्तिनाम् (anivartinām) - of those who do not retreat (of those not turning back, unwavering)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anivartin

anivartin - not turning back, not retreating, unwavering

Compound: a (neg.) + nivartin (turning back)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nivartin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nivartin – turning back, returning, retreating
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from √vṛt with ni
  From prefix ni + √vṛt (to turn) + -in suffix
  Prefix: ni
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they attain (they become, attain, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active third person plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, end)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, loss

From ni + √dhā (to place) + ana suffix

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having met (death) (having obtained, having reached)

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

From pra + √āp (to obtain) + -ya suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that (matter/question) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me (stem)

Enclitic dative/genitive form

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative active second person singular

Irregular imperative form of √brū (alternate form of √vac)

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather (addressing Bhīṣma) (grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; epithet of Brahmā

Compound: pitṛ (father) + mahā (great)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, large
  adjective (masculine)