महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-99, verse-39

यस्तु योधः परावृत्तः संत्रस्तो हन्यते परैः ।
अप्रतिष्ठं स नरकं याति नास्त्यत्र संशयः ॥३९॥

39. yastu yodhaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṁtrasto hanyate paraiḥ ,
apratiṣṭhaṁ sa narakaṁ yāti nāstyatra saṁśayaḥ.

39. yaḥ tu yodhaḥ parāvṛttaḥ saṃtrastaḥ hanyate paraiḥ
apratiṣṭham sa narakam yāti na asti atra saṃśayaḥ

39. yaḥ yodhaḥ tu parāvṛttaḥ saṃtrastaḥ paraiḥ hanyate
sa apratiṣṭham narakam yāti atra saṃśayaḥ na asti

39. But whichever warrior, having retreated and being terrified, is killed by enemies, he goes to an unending hell (narakam); there is no doubt about this.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whichever (who, which, whoever)

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)

• योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior (warrior, fighter)

• परावृत्तः (parāvṛttaḥ) - having retreated, having turned back (fled) (turned back, retreated, averted)

• संत्रस्तः (saṁtrastaḥ) - being terrified (terrified, frightened, alarmed)

• हन्यते (hanyate) - is killed (is killed, is struck, is smitten)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by others, by enemies, by foes)

• अप्रतिष्ठम् (apratiṣṭham) - unending (hell), without return (without foundation, unstable, without support, having no firm basis, unending)

• स (sa) - he (that warrior) (he, that (masculine))

• नरकम् (narakam) - hell (narakam) (hell, underworld, abode of the wicked)

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains (goes, attains, proceeds)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

• अत्र (atra) - about this (matter) (here, in this place, in this matter)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty, hesitation)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whichever (who, which, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of yad.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior (warrior, fighter)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

From √yudh 'to fight'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

परावृत्तः (parāvṛttaḥ) - having retreated, having turned back (fled) (turned back, retreated, averted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāvṛtta

parāvṛtta - turned back, retreated, averted, returned, ceased

Past Passive Participle

From parā- + vṛt (to turn).

Prefix: parā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a participle in agreement with yodhaḥ.

संत्रस्तः (saṁtrastaḥ) - being terrified (terrified, frightened, alarmed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed, trembling

Past Passive Participle

From sam- + √tras (to tremble, be terrified).

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Functions as a participle in agreement with yodhaḥ.

हन्यते (hanyate) - is killed (is killed, is struck, is smitten)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of han

Present passive indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice. Root √han, class 2, with passive stem hanya.

Root: han (class 2)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies (by others, by enemies, by foes)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, different, supreme, hostile (as enemies)

Masculine instrumental plural of para.

अप्रतिष्ठम् (apratiṣṭham) - unending (hell), without return (without foundation, unstable, without support, having no firm basis, unending)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apratiṣṭha

apratiṣṭha - without firm footing, unsettled, unstable, having no resting-place, unending

Negative compound (a- + pratiṣṭha).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+pratiṣṭha)

• a – not, un-, in- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• pratiṣṭha – firm footing, foundation, stand, abode, support, stability
  noun (neuter)
  From prati- + √sthā (to stand).
  Prefix: prati
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying narakam.

स (sa) - he (that warrior) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular of tad.

Note: Subject of yāti.

नरकम् (narakam) - hell (narakam) (hell, underworld, abode of the wicked)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, underworld, place of torment for the wicked

Root: nṛ

Note: Object of yāti.

याति (yāti) - goes, attains (goes, attains, proceeds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present active indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root √yā, class 2.

Root: yā (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice. Root √as, class 2.

Root: as (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - about this (matter) (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

From idam (this) + tral suffix.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty, hesitation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, hesitation, apprehension

From sam- + śī (to lie, doubt, hesitate).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)