महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-99, verse-10

देवराज सुदेवोऽयं मम सेनापतिः पुरा ।
आसीद्योधः प्रशान्तात्मा सोऽयं कस्मादतीव माम् ॥१०॥

10. devarāja sudevo'yaṁ mama senāpatiḥ purā ,
āsīdyodhaḥ praśāntātmā so'yaṁ kasmādatīva mām.

10. devarāja sudevaḥ ayam mama senāpatiḥ purā āsīt
yodhaḥ praśāntātmā saḥ ayam kasmāt atīva mām

10. devarāja ayam sudevaḥ mama senāpatiḥ purā āsīt
yodhaḥ praśāntātmā saḥ ayam kasmāt atīva mām

10. O King of gods, this Sudeva was formerly my general, a warrior with a very tranquil spirit (ātman). Why does this very man now behave so exceedingly towards me?

Words meanings summery:

• देवराज (devarāja) - O King of gods

• सुदेवः (sudevaḥ) - Sudeva (proper name)

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सेनापतिः (senāpatiḥ) - general, commander of an army

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he was, it was

• योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior, fighter

• प्रशान्तात्मा (praśāntātmā) - tranquil-souled, with a very calm spirit

• सः (saḥ) - this very one (referring to Sudeva) (he, that (one))

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much, greatly

• माम् (mām) - me (accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

देवराज (devarāja) - O King of gods

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+rājan)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

सुदेवः (sudevaḥ) - Sudeva (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudeva

sudeva - (lit. good god); a proper name

Note: Refers to the subject of the sentence.

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sudeva.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun

Note: Possessive pronoun.

सेनापतिः (senāpatiḥ) - general, commander of an army

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of senāpati

senāpati - army commander, general

Compound type : tatpurusha (senā+pati)

• senā – army, host, weapon
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sin (class 5)
• pati – master, lord, husband, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

Note: Modifies the verb 'āsīt'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he was, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root as, Class 2, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

योधः (yodhaḥ) - warrior, fighter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yodha

yodha - warrior, soldier, fighter

Derived from root yudh + -a suffix

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रशान्तात्मा (praśāntātmā) - tranquil-souled, with a very calm spirit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praśāntātman

praśāntātman - one whose spirit (ātman) is very calm, tranquil-minded

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (praśānta+ātman)

• praśānta – very calm, tranquil, quieted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śam with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: śam (class 4)
• ātman – self, spirit, soul, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - this very one (referring to Sudeva) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Sudeva.

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Used for emphasis with 'saḥ'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Interrogative pronoun, ablative singular

अतीव (atīva) - exceedingly, very much, greatly

(indeclinable)

Adverb

Note: Modifies an implied verb.

माम् (mām) - me (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun

Note: Object of an implied verb.