महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-53

महानदीं हि पारज्ञस्तप्यते न तरन्यथा ।
एवं ये विदुरध्यात्मं कैवल्यं ज्ञानमुत्तमम् ॥५३॥

53. mahānadīṁ hi pārajñastapyate na taranyathā ,
evaṁ ye viduradhyātmaṁ kaivalyaṁ jñānamuttamam.

53. mahānadīṃ hi pārajñaḥ tapyate na taran yathā
evaṃ ye viduḥ adhyātmam kaivalyaṃ jñānam uttamam

53. hi yathā mahānadīṃ pārajñaḥ taran na tapyate
evaṃ ye adhyātmam kaivalyaṃ uttamam jñānam viduḥ

53. Indeed, just as a ferryman, skilled in crossing a great river, does not suffer (na tapyate) while crossing, similarly, those who know the supreme knowledge (jñāna) of the individual self (adhyātman) which leads to ultimate liberation (kaivalya) do not suffer.

Words meanings summery:

• महानदीं (mahānadīṁ) - great river

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

• पारज्ञः (pārajñaḥ) - a person skilled in navigating (one who knows the other shore, a ferryman)

• तप्यते (tapyate) - is troubled or suffers difficulty (suffers, is distressed, undergoes austerity)

• न (na) - not, no

• तरन् (taran) - crossing, while crossing

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which manner

• एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner, so

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the supreme self or inner reality (the individual self, relating to the self, spirituality)

• कैवल्यं (kaivalyaṁ) - ultimate liberation or emancipation (mokṣa) (absolute isolation, liberation, oneness)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual or divine knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, best

Words meanings and morphology

महानदीं (mahānadīṁ) - great river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahānadī

mahānadī - great river, major river

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+nadī)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

पारज्ञः (pārajñaḥ) - a person skilled in navigating (one who knows the other shore, a ferryman)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārajña

pārajña - knowing the other side or shore, a ferryman, expert

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāra+jña)

• pāra – the other side, opposite bank, further shore
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun suffix
  From root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तप्यते (tapyate) - is troubled or suffers difficulty (suffers, is distressed, undergoes austerity)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

present tense, 3rd person singular

Root 'tap'.

Root: tap (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तरन् (taran) - crossing, while crossing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarant

tarant - crossing, swimming across

Present Active Participle

From root 'tṛ' (to cross, to swim).

Root: tṛ (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vid

perfect tense, 3rd person plural

From root 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the supreme self or inner reality (the individual self, relating to the self, spirituality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - the supreme spirit, the individual soul, pertaining to the self

Compound of 'adhi' and 'ātman'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, above, upon, concerning
  indeclinable
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

कैवल्यं (kaivalyaṁ) - ultimate liberation or emancipation (mokṣa) (absolute isolation, liberation, oneness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaivalya

kaivalya - oneness, isolation, detachment, absolute independence, liberation

From 'kevala' (alone, solitary) with suffix '-ya'.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual or divine knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

(noun)

neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, consciousness

From root 'jñā' (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Here functioning as accusative, in apposition to adhyātmam and kaivalyam.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - supreme, excellent, best

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative of 'ud' or 'ut' (up, out).

Note: Agrees with 'jñānam'.