महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-34

अतुष्टिः परितापश्च शोको लोभस्तथाक्षमा ।
लिङ्गानि रजसस्तानि दृश्यन्ते हेत्वहेतुभिः ॥३४॥

34. atuṣṭiḥ paritāpaśca śoko lobhastathākṣamā ,
liṅgāni rajasastāni dṛśyante hetvahetubhiḥ.

34. atuṣṭiḥ paritāpaḥ ca śokaḥ lobhaḥ tathā akṣamā
liṅgāni rajasaḥ tāni dṛśyante hetvahetubhiḥ

34. atuṣṭiḥ paritāpaḥ ca śokaḥ lobhaḥ tathā akṣamā
tāni rajasaḥ liṅgāni hetvahetubhiḥ dṛśyante

34. Discontent, anguish, sorrow, greed, and impatience—these are the characteristics of rajas (guṇa), which manifest with or without specific reasons.

Words meanings summery:

• अतुष्टिः (atuṣṭiḥ) - discontent (discontent, dissatisfaction, unhappiness)

• परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - distress, anguish (distress, anguish, suffering, fever)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed (greed, covetousness, desire)

• तथा (tathā) - and, also (so, thus, also, similarly)

• अक्षमा (akṣamā) - impatience, intolerance (impatience, intolerance, unforgiveness)

• लिङ्गानि (liṅgāni) - signs, characteristics (signs, characteristics, marks)

• रजसः (rajasaḥ) - of rajas (guṇa), indicating passion and activity (of rajas, belonging to rajas)

• तानि (tāni) - those (referring to the listed qualities) (those)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they manifest (they are seen, they appear, they are observed)

• हेत्वहेतुभिः (hetvahetubhiḥ) - with or without specific reasons (by causes and non-causes, with or without reason)

Words meanings and morphology

अतुष्टिः (atuṣṭiḥ) - discontent (discontent, dissatisfaction, unhappiness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of atuṣṭi

atuṣṭi - discontent, dissatisfaction, unhappiness

Negation of 'tuṣṭi' (satisfaction).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tuṣṭi)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tuṣṭi – satisfaction, contentment
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root tuṣ 'to be pleased'.
  Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: A characteristic of rajas.

परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - distress, anguish (distress, anguish, suffering, fever)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paritāpa

paritāpa - distress, anguish, torment, affliction

Derived from root tap 'to heat, to suffer' with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: A characteristic of rajas.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'paritāpaḥ' and 'śokaḥ'.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

Derived from root śuc 'to grieve'.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: A characteristic of rajas.

लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed (greed, covetousness, desire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, covetousness, avarice, desire

Derived from root lubh 'to be agitated, to covet'.

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: A characteristic of rajas.

तथा (tathā) - and, also (so, thus, also, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'lobhaḥ' and 'akṣamā'.

अक्षमा (akṣamā) - impatience, intolerance (impatience, intolerance, unforgiveness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of akṣamā

akṣamā - impatience, intolerance, unforgiveness, inability to bear

Negation of 'kṣamā' (patience, forgiveness).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣamā)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṣamā – patience, forgiveness, endurance
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root kṣam 'to be patient'.
  Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: A characteristic of rajas.

लिङ्गानि (liṅgāni) - signs, characteristics (signs, characteristics, marks)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of liṅga

liṅga - sign, mark, characteristic, gender

Note: Subject of the sentence, these are the signs.

रजसः (rajasaḥ) - of rajas (guṇa), indicating passion and activity (of rajas, belonging to rajas)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, activity, one of the three guṇas

Note: Possessive case, qualifying 'liṅgāni'.

तानि (tāni) - those (referring to the listed qualities) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those, it, they

Note: Correlative pronoun for the previously listed qualities.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they manifest (they are seen, they appear, they are observed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, 3rd person plural, passive voice.

Derived from root dṛś 'to see', passive form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The verb describing the manifestation of rajas qualities.

हेत्वहेतुभिः (hetvahetubhiḥ) - with or without specific reasons (by causes and non-causes, with or without reason)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hetvahetu

hetvahetu - cause and non-cause, with or without reason

Compound of 'hetu' (cause) and 'ahetu' (non-cause).

Compound type : dvandva (hetu+ahetu)

• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
• ahetu – non-cause, without reason
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of 'hetu' (cause).
  Prefix: a

Note: Describes the circumstances under which the qualities are seen.