महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-40

न गुणा विदुरात्मानं स गुणान्वेत्ति सर्वशः ।
परिद्रष्टा गुणानां च संस्रष्टा मन्यते सदा ॥४०॥

40. na guṇā vidurātmānaṁ sa guṇānvetti sarvaśaḥ ,
paridraṣṭā guṇānāṁ ca saṁsraṣṭā manyate sadā.

40. na guṇāḥ viduḥ ātmanam sa guṇān vetti sarvaśaḥ
paridraṣṭā guṇānām ca saṃsraṣṭā manyate sadā

40. guṇāḥ na viduḥ ātmanam sa tu guṇān sarvaśaḥ vetti
guṇānām paridraṣṭā ca saṃsraṣṭā sadā manyate

40. The qualities (guṇas) do not know the Self (ātman); He, however, knows all qualities thoroughly. Being the observer of the qualities, He always considers Himself their associate.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three constituents of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas) (qualities, attributes, constituents)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - the eternal, consciousness (ātman) (the Self, the soul, oneself)

• स (sa) - refers to the Self (ātman) (he, that)

• गुणान् (guṇān) - the constituents of nature (qualities, attributes)

• वेत्ति (vetti) - he knows, he understands

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely, in every way, entirely

• परिद्रष्टा (paridraṣṭā) - refers to the Self (ātman) as the witness consciousness (observer, witness, one who sees completely)

• गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of the constituents of nature (of the qualities, of the attributes)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संस्रष्टा (saṁsraṣṭā) - one who appears to bring together or be involved with the qualities, leading to the illusion of agency (creator, associate, conjoiner, producer)

• मन्यते (manyate) - he thinks, he considers, he believes

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three constituents of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas) (qualities, attributes, constituents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent, strand, virtue

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

root verb

present tense, third person, plural, active voice

Root: vid (class 2)

आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - the eternal, consciousness (ātman) (the Self, the soul, oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - Self, soul, essence, breath

स (sa) - refers to the Self (ātman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'

गुणान् (guṇān) - the constituents of nature (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent, strand, virtue

वेत्ति (vetti) - he knows, he understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

root verb

present tense, third person, singular, active voice

Root: vid (class 2)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely, in every way, entirely

(indeclinable)

formed from sarva (all) with the suffix -śas

परिद्रष्टा (paridraṣṭā) - refers to the Self (ātman) as the witness consciousness (observer, witness, one who sees completely)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paridraṣṭṛ

paridraṣṭṛ - observer, seer, witness

agent noun

from pari + dṛś (to see)

Prefix: pari

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - of the constituents of nature (of the qualities, of the attributes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent, strand, virtue

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संस्रष्टा (saṁsraṣṭā) - one who appears to bring together or be involved with the qualities, leading to the illusion of agency (creator, associate, conjoiner, producer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsraṣṭṛ

saṁsraṣṭṛ - creator, producer, associate, mixer, conjoiner

agent noun

from sam + sṛj (to create, emit, join)

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛj (class 6)

मन्यते (manyate) - he thinks, he considers, he believes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

root verb

present tense, third person, singular, middle voice

Root: man (class 4)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)