महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अध्यात्ममिति मां पार्थ यदेतदनुपृच्छसि ।
तद्व्याख्यास्यामि ते तात श्रेयस्करतरं सुखम् ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
adhyātmamiti māṁ pārtha yadetadanupṛcchasi ,
tadvyākhyāsyāmi te tāta śreyaskarataraṁ sukham.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca adhyātmam iti mām pārtha yat etat
anupṛcchasi tat vyākhyāsyāmi te tāta śreyaskarataram sukham

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca he pārtha,
he tāta,
yat etat adhyātmam iti mam anupṛcchasi,
tat śreyaskarataram sukham te vyākhyāsyāmi

2. Bhīṣma said: "O Pārtha, regarding this Self (adhyātma) about which you inquire of me, I shall explain it to you, dear son, as a happiness that is most conducive to welfare."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - concerning the Self, the spiritual principle (ātman)

• इति (iti) - marks direct speech or reference (thus, this, so)

• माम् (mām) - me

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O son of Pṛthā)

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• एतत् (etat) - this

• अनुपृच्छसि (anupṛcchasi) - you ask about, you inquire

• तत् (tat) - referring to adhyātma (that)

• व्याख्यास्यामि (vyākhyāsyāmi) - I will explain

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• तात (tāta) - Used to address Yudhiṣṭhira with affection. (O dear son, O child)

• श्रेयस्करतरम् (śreyaskarataram) - more conducive to welfare, more beneficial

• सुखम् (sukham) - as an object of explanation (happiness, joy, comfort)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru patriarch)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect Tense, Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - concerning the Self, the spiritual principle (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - supreme Self, spirit, concerning the Self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, upon, concerning
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self, universal Self
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Used with 'iti' to mean "this Adhyātma" or "regarding Adhyātma".

इति (iti) - marks direct speech or reference (thus, this, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to indicate "that which is called" or "regarding"

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

पार्थ (pārtha) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna

Derivative from Pṛthā

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

अनुपृच्छसि (anupṛcchasi) - you ask about, you inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of pṛcch

Present Active

2nd person singular, Present Tense, Active Voice

Prefix: anu

Root: prach (class 6)

तत् (tat) - referring to adhyātma (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

व्याख्यास्यामि (vyākhyāsyāmi) - I will explain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of khyā

Future Active

1st person singular, Future Tense, Active Voice

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Also genitive singular. Here dative.

तात (tāta) - Used to address Yudhiṣṭhira with affection. (O dear son, O child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one (term of endearment)

श्रेयस्करतरम् (śreyaskarataram) - more conducive to welfare, more beneficial

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyaskaratura

śreyaskara - conducive to welfare, auspicious

comparative suffix -tara

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śreyas+kara)

• śreyas – welfare, good, excellence
  noun (neuter)
• kara – making, causing, doing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Comparative form of śreyaskara

सुखम् (sukham) - as an object of explanation (happiness, joy, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease, well-being