महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-18

येन पश्यति तच्चक्षुः शृणोति श्रोत्रमुच्यते ।
जिघ्रति घ्राणमित्याहू रसं जानाति जिह्वया ॥१८॥

18. yena paśyati taccakṣuḥ śṛṇoti śrotramucyate ,
jighrati ghrāṇamityāhū rasaṁ jānāti jihvayā.

18. yena paśyati tat cakṣuḥ śṛṇoti śrotram ucyate
jighrati ghrāṇam iti āhuḥ rasam jānāti jihvayā

18. yena [janaḥ] paśyati,
tat cakṣuḥ [ucyate].
[yena janaḥ] śṛṇoti,
[tat] śrotram ucyate.
[yena janaḥ] jighrati,
[tat] ghrāṇam iti āhuḥ.
[janaḥ] jihvayā rasam jānāti.

18. That by which one sees is called the eye. That by which one hears is called the ear. That by which one smells is what they call the nose. And by the tongue, one perceives taste.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - refers to the instrument through which an action is performed (by which, with which, whereby)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - the act of visual perception (one sees, he sees, perceives)

• तत् (tat) - refers to the specific sense organ being identified (that, it)

• चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - the organ of sight (eye, sight, vision)

• शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - the act of auditory perception (one hears, he hears)

• श्रोत्रम् (śrotram) - the organ of hearing (ear, hearing, organ of hearing)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - signifies the common designation for the sense organ (is said, is called, is spoken of)

• जिघ्रति (jighrati) - the act of olfactory perception (one smells, he smells)

• घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - the organ of smell (nose, smell, organ of smell)

• इति (iti) - introduces a quotation or concludes a statement (thus, so, in this manner)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - indicates common knowledge or traditional understanding regarding the naming of the sense organ (they say, it is said, people say)

• रसम् (rasam) - the object of the sense of taste (taste, flavor, essence, juice)

• जानाति (jānāti) - the act of perceiving taste (one knows, perceives, understands)

• जिह्वया (jihvayā) - the tongue as the instrument for tasting (by the tongue, with the tongue)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - refers to the instrument through which an action is performed (by which, with which, whereby)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Could also be masculine instrumental singular.

पश्यति (paśyati) - the act of visual perception (one sees, he sees, perceives)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

From √dṛś (1st class) using the root paś for present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तत् (tat) - refers to the specific sense organ being identified (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चक्षुः (cakṣuḥ) - the organ of sight (eye, sight, vision)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cakṣus

cakṣus - eye, sight, vision, light

शृणोति (śṛṇoti) - the act of auditory perception (one hears, he hears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śru

From √śru (5th class, parasmaipada)

Root: śru (class 5)

श्रोत्रम् (śrotram) - the organ of hearing (ear, hearing, organ of hearing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotra

śrotra - ear, hearing, organ of hearing

From √śru 'to hear'

Root: śru (class 5)

उच्यते (ucyate) - signifies the common designation for the sense organ (is said, is called, is spoken of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

From √vac (2nd class), passive form with present stem 'ucya'.

Root: vac (class 2)

जिघ्रति (jighrati) - the act of olfactory perception (one smells, he smells)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ghrā

From √ghrā (1st class) with present stem 'jighra'.

Root: ghrā (class 1)

घ्राणम् (ghrāṇam) - the organ of smell (nose, smell, organ of smell)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghrāṇa

ghrāṇa - nose, smell, organ of smell

From √ghrā 'to smell'

Root: ghrā (class 1)

इति (iti) - introduces a quotation or concludes a statement (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - indicates common knowledge or traditional understanding regarding the naming of the sense organ (they say, it is said, people say)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

Irregular verb form, perfect tense, 3rd person plural (often used impersonally or with present sense).

Root: ah (class 2)

रसम् (rasam) - the object of the sense of taste (taste, flavor, essence, juice)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, juice, essence, sentiment

जानाति (jānāti) - the act of perceiving taste (one knows, perceives, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

From √jñā (9th class, parasmaipada)

Root: jñā (class 9)

जिह्वया (jihvayā) - the tongue as the instrument for tasting (by the tongue, with the tongue)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue