महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-49

प्रध्वस्ता न निवर्तन्ते निवृत्तिर्नोपलभ्यते ।
प्रत्यक्षेण परोक्षं तदनुमानेन सिध्यति ॥४९॥

49. pradhvastā na nivartante nivṛttirnopalabhyate ,
pratyakṣeṇa parokṣaṁ tadanumānena sidhyati.

49. pradhvastāḥ na nivartante nivṛttiḥ na upalabhyate
pratyakṣeṇa parokṣam tat anumānena sidhyati

49. pradhvastāḥ na nivartante nivṛttiḥ na
upalabhyate tat parokṣam anumānena sidhyati

49. Things that are completely destroyed do not return, and their cessation (nivṛtti) is not directly perceived. That imperceptible reality (parokṣam) is established through inference.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रध्वस्ताः (pradhvastāḥ) - destroyed, perished, fallen down

• न (na) - not, no

• निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - they return, they turn back

• निवृत्तिः (nivṛttiḥ) - cessation, return, turning away, abstinence

• न (na) - not, no

• उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is perceived, is obtained, is found

• प्रत्यक्षेण (pratyakṣeṇa) - by direct perception, empirically

• परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - the imperceptible, the invisible, the hidden

• तत् (tat) - refers to the imperceptible reality (parokṣam) (that)

• अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by conclusion

• सिध्यति (sidhyati) - is established, is proven, succeeds

Words meanings and morphology

प्रध्वस्ताः (pradhvastāḥ) - destroyed, perished, fallen down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhvasta

pradhvasta - destroyed, perished, defeated, fallen

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `dhvaṃs` (to fall, destroy) with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निवर्तन्ते (nivartante) - they return, they turn back

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of nivṛt

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

निवृत्तिः (nivṛttiḥ) - cessation, return, turning away, abstinence

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nivṛtti

nivṛtti - cessation, abstinence, turning back, returning, completion, liberation (mokṣa)

Derived from root `vṛt` with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is perceived, is obtained, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of upalabh

`upalabhyate` is passive form from root `labh` with prefix `upa`.

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)

प्रत्यक्षेण (pratyakṣeṇa) - by direct perception, empirically

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - perceptible, visible, direct perception, before the eyes

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in return, every
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, sense organ, axle
  noun (masculine)

परोक्षम् (parokṣam) - the imperceptible, the invisible, the hidden

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parokṣa

parokṣa - imperceptible, invisible, hidden, indirect, beyond the senses

Compound type : tatpurusha (para+akṣa)

• para – other, supreme, distant, beyond
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣa – eye, sense organ, axle
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - refers to the imperceptible reality (parokṣam) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by conclusion

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anumāna

anumāna - inference, conclusion, reasoning

Derived from root `mā` (to measure, know) with prefix `anu`.

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 2)

सिध्यति (sidhyati) - is established, is proven, succeeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)