महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-20

अधिष्ठानानि बुद्धेर्हि पृथगर्थानि पञ्चधा ।
पञ्चेन्द्रियाणि यान्याहुस्तान्यदृश्योऽधितिष्ठति ॥२०॥

20. adhiṣṭhānāni buddherhi pṛthagarthāni pañcadhā ,
pañcendriyāṇi yānyāhustānyadṛśyo'dhitiṣṭhati.

20. adhiṣṭhānāni buddheḥ hi pṛthagarthāni pañcadhā
pañca indriyāṇi yāni āhuḥ tāni adṛśyaḥ adhitiṣṭhati

20. buddheḥ hi pañcadhā pṛthagarthāni adhiṣṭhānāni yāni
pañca indriyāṇi āhuḥ tāni adṛśyaḥ adhitiṣṭhati

20. The intellect (buddhi) indeed has five distinct bases, each with its own objects. These are what are called the five sense organs, and it is the unseen one, the cosmic person (puruṣa), that presides over them.

Words meanings summery:

• अधिष्ठानानि (adhiṣṭhānāni) - the five operational bases or faculties of the intellect (bases, foundations, seats, abodes)

• बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of the intellect, of understanding, of discernment

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for, because

• पृथगर्थानि (pṛthagarthāni) - having separate objects, having distinct purposes, distinct in meaning

• पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways, fivefold

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the five faculties of perception (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) (sense organs, faculties)

• यानि (yāni) - which (sense organs) (which (neuter plural))

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - which are called/designated as (they say, they speak, they declare)

• तानि (tāni) - those (sense organs) (those (neuter plural))

• अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - the unseen one (referring to puruṣa) (unseen, invisible)

• अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - presides over, stands upon, occupies, governs

Words meanings and morphology

अधिष्ठानानि (adhiṣṭhānāni) - the five operational bases or faculties of the intellect (bases, foundations, seats, abodes)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of adhiṣṭhāna

adhiṣṭhāna - a seat, a stand, a basis, a foundation, a support, a position, a dwelling

Derived from 'adhi-sthā' (to stand upon, to preside over), with suffix -ana.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Can also be accusative plural depending on sentence structure, but nominative fits the subject role here.

बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of the intellect, of understanding, of discernment

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, discernment, perception

From root 'budh' (to know, perceive) + suffix -ti.

Root: budh (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for, because

(indeclinable)

पृथगर्थानि (pṛthagarthāni) - having separate objects, having distinct purposes, distinct in meaning

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pṛthagartha

pṛthagartha - having distinct purposes, having separate objects, distinct in meaning

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pṛthak+artha)

• pṛthak – separately, distinctly, individually
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'adhiṣṭhānāni'.

पञ्चधा (pañcadhā) - in five ways, fivefold

(indeclinable)

From 'pañcan' (five) + suffix -dhā (in such a manner).

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral adjective)

Note: Indeclinable when preceding a noun in composition or as a numeral.

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the five faculties of perception (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) (sense organs, faculties)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense, sense organ, faculty, power

Derived from 'Indra' (lord of senses) or 'ind' (to be powerful) + suffix -iya.

Note: Can also be accusative plural.

यानि (yāni) - which (sense organs) (which (neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Can also be accusative plural.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - which are called/designated as (they say, they speak, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

Root 'ah' used in some forms of 'brū' or 'vac'.

Root: ah (class 2)

तानि (tāni) - those (sense organs) (those (neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Can also be nominative plural, but here it is the object of 'adhitiṣṭhati'.

अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - the unseen one (referring to puruṣa) (unseen, invisible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adṛśya

adṛśya - unseen, invisible, imperceptible

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Formed from 'a' (negation) + 'dṛśya' (visible, to be seen).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dṛśya)

• a – not, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• dṛśya – visible, to be seen, perceptible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix -ya.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

अधितिष्ठति (adhitiṣṭhati) - presides over, stands upon, occupies, governs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhi-sthā

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)