महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अध्यात्मं नाम यदिदं पुरुषस्येह चिन्त्यते ।
यदध्यात्मं यतश्चैतत्तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
adhyātmaṁ nāma yadidaṁ puruṣasyeha cintyate ,
yadadhyātmaṁ yataścaitattanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca adhyātmam nāma yat idam puruṣasya iha
cintyate yat adhyātmam yataḥ ca etat tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha,
iha puruṣasya yat idam adhyātmam nāma cintyate,
tat adhyātmam yataḥ ca etat,
tat me brūhi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "Whatever is here considered as the Self (adhyātma) of the (cosmic) person (puruṣa), tell me, O Grandfather, what that Self (adhyātma) is and from what it originates."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - concerning the Self, the spiritual principle (ātman)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, that which is called

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• इदम् (idam) - this

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the person (puruṣa), of the cosmic being

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• चिन्त्यते (cintyate) - is contemplated, is thought about, is considered

• यत् (yat) - what

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the Self (ātman), the spiritual principle

• यतः (yataḥ) - from which, from where

• च (ca) - and

• एतत् (etat) - this

• तत् (tat) - that

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell! speak!

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhiṣma (O Grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect Tense, Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - concerning the Self, the spiritual principle (ātman)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - supreme Self, spirit, concerning the Self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, upon, concerning
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self, universal Self
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Also can be accusative singular. Here it appears nominative as predicate.

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, that which is called

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - of the person (puruṣa), of the cosmic being

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, human being, spirit, the cosmic being

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

चिन्त्यते (cintyate) - is contemplated, is thought about, is considered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of cint

Present Passive

3rd person singular, Present Tense, Passive Voice

Root: cit (class 10)

यत् (yat) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the Self (ātman), the spiritual principle

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - supreme Self, spirit, concerning the Self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, upon, concerning
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self, universal Self
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Also can be accusative singular. Here it appears nominative as subject of an implied verb.

यतः (yataḥ) - from which, from where

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Also genitive singular. Here dative for 'to me'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell! speak!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, Imperative Mood, Active Voice

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhiṣma (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, Brahma (as the great ancestor)