महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-47

एवंस्वभावमेवैतत्स्वबुद्ध्या विहरेन्नरः ।
अशोचन्नप्रहृष्यंश्च चरेद्विगतमत्सरः ॥४७॥

47. evaṁsvabhāvamevaitatsvabuddhyā viharennaraḥ ,
aśocannaprahṛṣyaṁśca caredvigatamatsaraḥ.

47. evaṃsvabhāvam eva etat svabuddhyā viharet
naraḥ aśocan aprahṛṣyan ca caret vigatamatsaraḥ

47. etat evaṃsvabhāvam eva (iti matvā) naraḥ svabuddhyā viharet,
aśocan aprahṛṣyan ca vigatamatsaraḥ caret.

47. Understanding that this (the Self) is of such a nature, a person should live with their own intellect, neither grieving nor excessively rejoicing, and should conduct themselves free from envy.

Words meanings summery:

• एवंस्वभावम् (evaṁsvabhāvam) - this (the Self) is of such a nature (of such a nature)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

• एतत् (etat) - this (the Self, referring to the context of the previous verses) (this, it)

• स्वबुद्ध्या (svabuddhyā) - with their own intellect (by one's own intellect, with one's own understanding)

• विहरेत् (viharet) - should live, should conduct themselves (should wander, should reside, should act, should live)

• नरः (naraḥ) - a person (man, person)

• अशोचन् (aśocan) - neither grieving (not grieving, not sorrowing)

• अप्रहृष्यन् (aprahṛṣyan) - nor excessively rejoicing (not rejoicing, not exulting)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चरेत् (caret) - and should conduct themselves (should move, should act, should live)

• विगतमत्सरः (vigatamatsaraḥ) - free from envy (free from envy, without jealousy)

Words meanings and morphology

एवंस्वभावम् (evaṁsvabhāvam) - this (the Self) is of such a nature (of such a nature)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of evaṃsvabhāva

evaṁsvabhāva - of such a nature, having such a disposition

Compound formed with evam (thus) and svabhāva (own nature)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (evam+svabhāva)

• evam – thus, so
  indeclinable
• svabhāva – own nature, inherent disposition
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate of 'etat'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एतत् (etat) - this (the Self, referring to the context of the previous verses) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

स्वबुद्ध्या (svabuddhyā) - with their own intellect (by one's own intellect, with one's own understanding)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svabuddhi

svabuddhi - one's own intellect, self-understanding

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+buddhi)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know, to awaken)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Instrument for the action of 'viharet'.

विहरेत् (viharet) - should live, should conduct themselves (should wander, should reside, should act, should live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of hṛ

Optative Active

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice, P-class 1

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

नरः (naraḥ) - a person (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of 'viharet' and 'caret'.

अशोचन् (aśocan) - neither grieving (not grieving, not sorrowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśocat

śuc - to grieve, to sorrow, to regret

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root śuc (to sorrow); nominative singular masculine, with negative prefix a-

Prefix: a

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

अप्रहृष्यन् (aprahṛṣyan) - nor excessively rejoicing (not rejoicing, not exulting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprahṛṣyat

hṛṣ - to rejoice, to be glad

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root hṛṣ (to be glad); nominative singular masculine, with negative prefix a- and verbal prefix pra-

Prefixes: a+pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

चरेत् (caret) - and should conduct themselves (should move, should act, should live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car

Optative Active

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice, P-class 1

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Main verb, parallel to 'viharet'.

विगतमत्सरः (vigatamatsaraḥ) - free from envy (free from envy, without jealousy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigatamatsara

vigatamatsara - free from envy, devoid of jealousy or malice

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vigata+matsara)

• vigata – gone away, disappeared, free from
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam with prefix vi (to go away, disappear)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• matsara – envy, jealousy, malice, hatred
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.