महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-187, verse-52

मलिनाः प्राप्नुयुः शुद्धिं यथा पूर्णां नदीं नराः ।
अवगाह्य सुविद्वंसो विद्धि ज्ञानमिदं तथा ॥५२॥

52. malināḥ prāpnuyuḥ śuddhiṁ yathā pūrṇāṁ nadīṁ narāḥ ,
avagāhya suvidvaṁso viddhi jñānamidaṁ tathā.

52. malināḥ prāpnuyuḥ śuddhiṃ yathā pūrṇāṃ nadīṃ narāḥ
avagāhya suvidvāṃsaḥ viddhi jñānam idam tathā

52. suvidvāṃsaḥ yathā narāḥ pūrṇāṃ nadīṃ avagāhya
śuddhiṃ prāpnuyuḥ tathā idam jñānam viddhi

52. Just as people attain purity by bathing in a full river, similarly, O very wise ones, know this knowledge (jñāna).

Words meanings summery:

• मलिनाः (malināḥ) - those who are spiritually or morally impure (impure ones, defiled ones)

• प्राप्नुयुः (prāpnuyuḥ) - may attain, they would attain

• शुद्धिं (śuddhiṁ) - purity, purification, cleanness

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which manner

• पूर्णां (pūrṇāṁ) - full, complete

• नदीं (nadīṁ) - river

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

• अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having plunged into, having bathed in

• सुविद्वांसः (suvidvāṁsaḥ) - very learned ones, very wise ones

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual or divine knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

• इदम् (idam) - this, this one

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, thus

Words meanings and morphology

मलिनाः (malināḥ) - those who are spiritually or morally impure (impure ones, defiled ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of malina

malina - impure, dirty, defiled, stained, black, dark

Derived from 'mala' (dirt, impurity) with the suffix -ina.

प्राप्नुयुः (prāpnuyuḥ) - may attain, they would attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of prāp

optative mood, 3rd person plural

Root 'āp' (to obtain) with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

शुद्धिं (śuddhiṁ) - purity, purification, cleanness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuddhi

śuddhi - purity, purification, cleanness, correctness

From root 'śudh' (to purify).

Root: śudh (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

पूर्णां (pūrṇāṁ) - full, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled, finished

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pṛ' (to fill).

Root: pṛ (class 9)

नदीं (nadīṁ) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - having plunged into, having bathed in

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root 'gāh' (to plunge) with upasarga 'ava' and suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

सुविद्वांसः (suvidvāṁsaḥ) - very learned ones, very wise ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvidvas

suvidvas - very learned, very wise

Compound of 'su' (good, well) and 'vidvas' (learned, wise).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+vidvas)

• su – good, well, excellent, easy
  indeclinable
• vidvas – learned, wise, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Perfect Active Participle
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used here as a vocative 'O wise ones'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Root 'vid' (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - spiritual or divine knowledge (knowledge, wisdom, understanding)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, consciousness

From root 'jñā' (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

इदम् (idam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Here functioning as accusative, referring to 'jñānam'.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, in that manner, thus

(indeclinable)