महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-7

भीष्म उवाच ।
नष्टे धने वा दारे वा पुत्रे पितरि वा मृते ।
अहो दुःखमिति ध्यायञ्शोकस्यापचितिं चरेत् ॥७॥

7. bhīṣma uvāca ,
naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā mṛte ,
aho duḥkhamiti dhyāyañśokasyāpacitiṁ caret.

7. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca naṣṭe dhane vā dāre vā putre pitari vā
mṛte aho duḥkham iti dhyāyan śokasya apacitim caret

7. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca dhane vā dāre vā putre vā pitari naṣṭe
mṛte vā "aho duḥkham" iti dhyāyan śokasya apacitim caret

7. Bhīṣma said: "When wealth (dhana) is lost, or a wife, or a son, or a father has passed away, one should contemplate, 'Alas, what suffering (duḥkha) this is!' and thus proceed with the alleviation of sorrow (śoka)."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said

• नष्टे (naṣṭe) - lost, destroyed (when lost)

• धने (dhane) - in wealth, when wealth

• वा (vā) - or

• दारे (dāre) - in a wife, when a wife

• वा (vā) - or

• पुत्रे (putre) - in a son, when a son

• पितरि (pitari) - in a father, when a father

• वा (vā) - or

• मृते (mṛte) - when dead, having died

• अहो (aho) - Oh! Alas! (exclamation)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, sorrow

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

• ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - reflecting, contemplating, meditating

• शोकस्य (śokasya) - of grief, of sorrow

• अपचितिम् (apacitim) - removal, alleviation, atonement

• चरेत् (caret) - one should perform, one should practice, one should act

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a character in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root: vac (class 2)

नष्टे (naṣṭe) - lost, destroyed (when lost)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'naś' (to perish).

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'dhane', 'dāre', 'putre', 'pitari'.

धने (dhane) - in wealth, when wealth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

दारे (dāre) - in a wife, when a wife

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dāra

dāra - wife (often used in plural as dārāḥ)

Note: Though 'dāra' is masculine, its locative singular form 'dāre' can refer to 'in a wife'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

पुत्रे (putre) - in a son, when a son

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

पितरि (pitari) - in a father, when a father

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

मृते (mṛte) - when dead, having died

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with 'putre' or 'pitari'.

अहो (aho) - Oh! Alas! (exclamation)

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, misery, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)

ध्यायन् (dhyāyan) - reflecting, contemplating, meditating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhyāyat

dhyāyat - reflecting, contemplating, meditating

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dhyai' (to contemplate).

Root: dhyai (class 1)

शोकस्य (śokasya) - of grief, of sorrow

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation

अपचितिम् (apacitim) - removal, alleviation, atonement

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apaciti

apaciti - removal, expiation, atonement, compensation

चरेत् (caret) - one should perform, one should practice, one should act

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car

Root: car (class 1)