महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-35

यद्यत्त्यजति कामानां तत्सुखस्याभिपूर्यते ।
कामानुसारी पुरुषः कामाननु विनश्यति ॥३५॥

35. yadyattyajati kāmānāṁ tatsukhasyābhipūryate ,
kāmānusārī puruṣaḥ kāmānanu vinaśyati.

35. yat yat tyajati kāmānām tat sukhasya abhipūryate
kāmānusārī puruṣaḥ kāmān anu vinaśyati

35. yat yat kāmānām tyajati,
tat sukhasya abhipūryate.
kāmānusārī puruṣaḥ kāmān anu vinaśyati

35. Whatever one renounces of desires (kāma), that much is filled with happiness (sukha). A person who follows desires (kāma) perishes along with those desires.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - Whatever (desire) (whatever, which)

• यत् (yat) - Whatever (desire) (whatever, which)

• त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons, gives up, forsakes

• कामानाम् (kāmānām) - of desires, among desires

• तत् (tat) - That much (happiness) (that, so much)

• सुखस्य (sukhasya) - with happiness (as it's filled 'with' happiness) (of happiness, of ease, with happiness)

• अभिपूर्यते (abhipūryate) - is filled, is made full, is replenished

• कामानुसारी (kāmānusārī) - following desires, addicted to desires, pursuing desires

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, man

• कामान् (kāmān) - desires, wishes

• अनु (anu) - along with, following (after, along, according to, towards)

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, disappears, fails

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - Whatever (desire) (whatever, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Neuter singular accusative form of the relative pronoun 'yad'.

Note: Used adverbially to quantify 'tyajati'.

यत् (yat) - Whatever (desire) (whatever, which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Neuter singular accusative form of the relative pronoun 'yad'.

Note: Used adverbially to quantify 'tyajati'.

त्यजति (tyajati) - abandons, gives up, forsakes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of tyaj

Present tense, Active voice

From the root 'tyaj' (Class 1) + 'a' (thematic vowel) + 'ti' (3rd person singular active ending).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कामानाम् (kāmānām) - of desires, among desires

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, pleasure, love

From the root 'kam' (to desire, love).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Partitive genitive, meaning 'of the desires' or 'from among the desires'.

तत् (tat) - That much (happiness) (that, so much)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

Neuter singular nominative form of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Subject of 'abhipūryate'.

सुखस्य (sukhasya) - with happiness (as it's filled 'with' happiness) (of happiness, of ease, with happiness)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, ease, comfort

Compound of 'su' (good) + 'kha' (axle-hole, space, comfort).

Compound type : Prādi Tatpuruṣa (su+kha)

• su – good, well, easily
  indeclinable
  Prefix expressing goodness or ease.
• kha – space, ether, sky, empty space, a hole
  noun (neuter)

Note: Genitive case often used with verbs of filling to mean 'filled with'.

अभिपूर्यते (abhipūryate) - is filled, is made full, is replenished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of pūryate

Present tense, Passive voice

From the prefix 'abhi' + root 'pṛ' (Class 3/9) + 'ya' (passive sign) + 'te' (3rd person singular middle ending).

Prefix: abhi

Root: pṛ (class 3)

कामानुसारी (kāmānusārī) - following desires, addicted to desires, pursuing desires

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāmānusārin

kāmānusārin - following desires, conforming to wishes, indulging in pleasures

From 'kāma' (desire) + 'anusārin' (following).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kāma+anusārin)

• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  From the root 'kam' (to desire, love).
  Root: kam (class 1)
• anusārin – following, pursuing, conformable to
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (or adjective from future participle)
  From 'anu' (after) + root 'sṛ' (to go) + 'ṇin' suffix.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣaḥ'.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of 'vinaśyati'.

कामान् (kāmān) - desires, wishes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, pleasure, love

From the root 'kam' (to desire, love).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of the preposition 'anu'.

अनु (anu) - along with, following (after, along, according to, towards)

(indeclinable)

Preposition or upasarga. When used as a preposition, it typically takes the accusative case.

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, disappears, fails

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of naś

Present tense, Active voice

From the prefix 'vi' + root 'naś' (Class 4) + 'ya' (thematic vowel) + 'ti' (3rd person singular active ending).

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)