महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
धर्माः पितामहेनोक्ता राजधर्माश्रिताः शुभाः ।
धर्ममाश्रमिणां श्रेष्ठं वक्तुमर्हसि पार्थिव ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dharmāḥ pitāmahenoktā rājadharmāśritāḥ śubhāḥ ,
dharmamāśramiṇāṁ śreṣṭhaṁ vaktumarhasi pārthiva.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca dharmāḥ pitāmahena uktā rājadharmāśritāḥ
śubhāḥ dharmam āśramiṇām śreṣṭham vaktum arhasi pārthiva

1. pārthiva pitāmahena rājadharmāśritāḥ śubhāḥ dharmāḥ
uktāḥ āśramiṇām śreṣṭham dharmam vaktum arhasi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O King (pārthiva), the auspicious duties (dharma) pertaining to kingship have been declared by the grandfather. Now, you should speak of the most excellent duties (dharma) of those in the stages of life (āśrama).

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the speaker (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said. (said, spoke)

• धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - duties (of kingship) (duties, laws, principles)

• पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by Bhīṣma, the grandfather (of Yudhiṣṭhira) (by the grandfather)

• उक्ता (uktā) - the duties (dharma) have been spoken (spoken, declared)

• राजधर्माश्रिताः (rājadharmāśritāḥ) - pertaining to the duties (dharma) of kings (resting on the duties of kings, pertaining to royal duties)

• शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious (duties) (auspicious, good, beautiful)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the duty (dharma) (duty, righteousness)

• आश्रमिणाम् (āśramiṇām) - of those who follow the stages of life (āśrama) (of those in the (āśramas), of hermits)

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the most excellent (dharma) (best, excellent, principal)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - you ought to speak (to speak, to declare)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to speak (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (Bhīṣma) (O king, O earthly ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the speaker (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight, war
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Yudhiṣṭhira said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form from √vac, 3rd person singular

Root: √vac (class 2)

धर्माः (dharmāḥ) - duties (of kingship) (duties, laws, principles)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution, essential quality

From √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'have been spoken'.

पितामहेन (pitāmahena) - by Bhīṣma, the grandfather (of Yudhiṣṭhira) (by the grandfather)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

Compound pitṛ + mahā (great father)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective

Note: Agent of 'uktā'.

उक्ता (uktā) - the duties (dharma) have been spoken (spoken, declared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, declared

Past Passive Participle

From √vac (to speak), irregular past participle

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'dharmāḥ'.

राजधर्माश्रिताः (rājadharmāśritāḥ) - pertaining to the duties (dharma) of kings (resting on the duties of kings, pertaining to royal duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājadharmāśrita

rājadharmāśrita - based on royal duties, pertaining to the (dharma) of kings

Compound rājadharmā + āśrita (dependent on, resorting to)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma+āśrita)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, law, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• āśrita – dependent on, resorted to, connected with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śri with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √śri (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dharmāḥ'.

शुभाः (śubhāḥ) - auspicious (duties) (auspicious, good, beautiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śubha

śubha - auspicious, propitious, good, beautiful, splendid

Note: Modifies 'dharmāḥ'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the duty (dharma) (duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution, essential quality

From √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

आश्रमिणाम् (āśramiṇām) - of those who follow the stages of life (āśrama) (of those in the (āśramas), of hermits)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of āśramin

āśramin - one belonging to an (āśrama), a hermit, one observing a stage of life

Possessive suffix -in added to āśrama

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the most excellent (dharma) (best, excellent, principal)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, foremost, chief

Superlative suffix -iṣṭha

From praśasya (excellent)

Note: Modifies 'dharmam'.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - you ought to speak (to speak, to declare)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with suffix -tum

Root: √vac (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to speak (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present active indicative

2nd person singular

Root: √arh (class 1)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O King (Bhīṣma) (O king, O earthly ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, a king, a ruler, son of Pṛthā (e.g., Arjuna)

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) or Pṛthā

Note: Addressed to Bhīṣma.