महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-12

सेनजिदुवाच ।
का बुद्धिः किं तपो विप्र कः समाधिस्तपोधन ।
किं ज्ञानं किं श्रुतं वा ते यत्प्राप्य न विषीदसि ॥१२॥

12. senajiduvāca ,
kā buddhiḥ kiṁ tapo vipra kaḥ samādhistapodhana ,
kiṁ jñānaṁ kiṁ śrutaṁ vā te yatprāpya na viṣīdasi.

12. senajit uvāca | kā buddhiḥ kim tapaḥ vipra kaḥ samādhiḥ
tapodhana | kim jñānam kim śrutam vā te yat prāpya na viṣīdasi

12. senajit uvāca vipra tapodhana te kā buddhiḥ kim tapaḥ kaḥ
samādhiḥ kim jñānam kim śrutam vā yat prāpya na viṣīdasi

12. Senajit asked: "O Brahmin, O ascetic, what kind of understanding (buddhi), what austerity (tapas), what deep meditation (samādhi), what knowledge (jñāna), or what sacred learning (śruta) do you possess, by attaining which you never feel sorrow?"

Words meanings summery:

• सेनजित् (senajit) - The name of the questioner (Senajit (name of a king))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Senajit said (he said, spoke)

• का (kā) - What kind of (intellect) (what, which)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - understanding, intellect (buddhi) (intellect, understanding, mind, reason)

• किम् (kim) - What (austerity) (what, which)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (asceticism, austerity, penance)

• विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin (addressing the ascetic) (Brahmin, learned person)

• कः (kaḥ) - What kind of (concentration) (who, what)

• समाधिः (samādhiḥ) - deep meditation (samādhi) (concentration, deep meditation, absorption)

• तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic (one whose wealth is austerity) (rich in austerity, an ascetic)

• किम् (kim) - What (knowledge) (what, which)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñāna) (knowledge, wisdom)

• किम् (kim) - What (sacred learning) (what, which)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - sacred learning (śruta) (what is heard, sacred learning, tradition)

• वा (vā) - or (or, and)

• ते (te) - do you possess (literally 'to you' or 'your', implying possession) (to you, your)

• यत् (yat) - by attaining which (referring to the previously listed qualities) (which, what)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - by attaining (having obtained, having attained)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विषीदसि (viṣīdasi) - you feel sorrow (you grieve, become dejected)

Words meanings and morphology

सेनजित् (senajit) - The name of the questioner (Senajit (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of senajit

senajit - victor over armies

Compound type : tatpurusha (senā+jit)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• jit – victorious, conqueror
  adjective (masculine)
  derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Senajit said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

का (kā) - What kind of (intellect) (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: feminine form of kim, agreeing with buddhiḥ

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - understanding, intellect (buddhi) (intellect, understanding, mind, reason)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception

from root budh (to know)

Root: budh (class 1)

किम् (kim) - What (austerity) (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: neuter form of kim, agreeing with tapaḥ and jñānam, śrutam

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (asceticism, austerity, penance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, austerity, penance, asceticism

विप्र (vipra) - O Brahmin (addressing the ascetic) (Brahmin, learned person)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - inspired, wise, a Brahmin, a sage

कः (kaḥ) - What kind of (concentration) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: masculine form of kim, agreeing with samādhiḥ and tapodhana

समाधिः (samādhiḥ) - deep meditation (samādhi) (concentration, deep meditation, absorption)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samādhi

samādhi - concentration, meditation, absorption, profound contemplation

from sam-ā-dhā (to place together)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

तपोधन (tapodhana) - O ascetic (one whose wealth is austerity) (rich in austerity, an ascetic)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is austerity, an ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, property
  noun (neuter)

किम् (kim) - What (knowledge) (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge (jñāna) (knowledge, wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, acquaintance

from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

किम् (kim) - What (sacred learning) (what, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - sacred learning (śruta) (what is heard, sacred learning, tradition)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, knowledge from tradition, sacred lore

Past Passive Participle

from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used substantively as a noun

वा (vā) - or (or, and)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - do you possess (literally 'to you' or 'your', implying possession) (to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Enclitic form of the 2nd person pronoun, often used for genitive or dative

यत् (yat) - by attaining which (referring to the previously listed qualities) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relates to the qualities (buddhi, tapas, etc.) which are neuter plural in a collective sense, or singular

प्राप्य (prāpya) - by attaining (having obtained, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The gerund indicates an action completed before the main verb

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for negation

विषीदसि (viṣīdasi) - you feel sorrow (you grieve, become dejected)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of viṣad

Present Active

root sad with prefix vi, Present, 2nd person singular, active voice

Prefix: vi

Root: ṣad (class 1)

Note: The initial 's' of 'sad' becomes 'ṣ' after 'vi'