महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-39

तदेवं बुद्धिमास्थाय सुखं जीवेद्गुणान्वितः ।
सर्वान्कामाञ्जुगुप्सेत सङ्गान्कुर्वीत पृष्ठतः ।
वृत्त एष हृदि प्रौढो मृत्युरेष मनोमयः ॥३९॥

39. tadevaṁ buddhimāsthāya sukhaṁ jīvedguṇānvitaḥ ,
sarvānkāmāñjugupseta saṅgānkurvīta pṛṣṭhataḥ ,
vṛtta eṣa hṛdi prauḍho mṛtyureṣa manomayaḥ.

39. tat evam buddhim āsthāya sukham jīvet
guṇānvitaḥ sarvān kāmān jugupseta
saṅgān kurvīta pṛṣṭhataḥ vṛttaḥ eṣaḥ
hṛdi prauḍhaḥ mṛtyuḥ eṣaḥ manomayaḥ

39. tat evam buddhim āsthāya guṇānvitaḥ
sukham jīvet sarvān kāmān jugupseta
saṅgān pṛṣṭhataḥ kurvīta eṣaḥ prauḍhaḥ
mṛtyuḥ eṣaḥ manomayaḥ hṛdi vṛttaḥ

39. Therefore, having adopted such understanding (buddhi), one endowed with virtues (guṇānvita) should live happily. One should despise all desires (kāma) and cast attachments (saṅga) aside. This profound, mental death (mṛtyu) has arisen in the heart (hṛdi).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that, so)

• एवम् (evam) - in this way, such (thus, so, in this manner)

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - understanding (buddhi) (intellect, understanding, discernment)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (having resorted to, having adopted, having taken one's stand on)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happily, pleasantly; pleasure, happiness)

• जीवेत् (jīvet) - one should live (one should live, may one live)

• गुणान्वितः (guṇānvitaḥ) - endowed with virtues (guṇānvita) (endowed with virtues, possessing good qualities)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

• कामान् (kāmān) - desires (kāma) (desires, wishes, objects of desire)

• जुगुप्सेत (jugupseta) - one should despise, shun (one should despise, one should abhor)

• सङ्गान् (saṅgān) - attachments (saṅga) (attachments, contacts, associations)

• कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should put, one should make (one should do, one should make)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind, aside (from behind, behind, backwards)

• वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - arisen, come into being (arisen, happened, occurred, existed; finished, completed)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this (masculine))

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart (hṛdi) (in the heart, in the mind)

• प्रौढः (prauḍhaḥ) - profound, mature (mature, fully grown, strong, deep, profound)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death (mṛtyu) (death)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this (masculine))

• मनोमयः (manomayaḥ) - mental, consisting of mind (consisting of mind, mental, spiritual)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, that, so)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - in this way, such (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - understanding (buddhi) (intellect, understanding, discernment)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception

From root 'budh' (to awaken, know)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'āsthāya'.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having adopted (having resorted to, having adopted, having taken one's stand on)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'ā' + root 'sthā' (to stand)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolute participle, meaning 'having done X'.

सुखम् (sukham) - happily (happily, pleasantly; pleasure, happiness)

(indeclinable)

Can be an adverb (happily) or a noun (happiness). Here used adverbially.

जीवेत् (jīvet) - one should live (one should live, may one live)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Expresses a command or wish.

गुणान्वितः (guṇānvitaḥ) - endowed with virtues (guṇānvita) (endowed with virtues, possessing good qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇānvita

guṇānvita - endowed with virtues, possessing good qualities

Compound with 'guṇa' (quality) and 'anvita' (joined, accompanied by), from prefix 'anu' + root 'i' (to go) + 'kta' suffix

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+anvita)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature (guna)
  noun (masculine)
• anvita – joined, accompanied by, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'anu-i' (to go after) + 'kta' suffix
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Acts as the implicit subject of 'jīvet'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

कामान् (kāmān) - desires (kāma) (desires, wishes, objects of desire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, object of desire (kāma)

From root 'kam' (to desire)

Root: kam (class 1)

जुगुप्सेत (jugupseta) - one should despise, shun (one should despise, one should abhor)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jugups

Desiderative

Derived from root 'gup' with desiderative suffix. The sense is often 'to wish to conceal/protect oneself from' and hence 'to shun/despise'.

Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Expresses a command or wish.

सङ्गान् (saṅgān) - attachments (saṅga) (attachments, contacts, associations)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṅga

saṅga - attachment, contact, association, union (saṅga)

From prefix 'sam' + root 'gam' (to go)

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

कुर्वीत (kurvīta) - one should put, one should make (one should do, one should make)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses a command or wish.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind, aside (from behind, behind, backwards)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form from 'pṛṣṭha' (back)

वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - arisen, come into being (arisen, happened, occurred, existed; finished, completed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - arisen, happened, occurred, existed; finished, completed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist, be)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Here used adjectivally to describe the state of 'mṛtyu'.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to the 'mṛtyuḥ' or the overall state.

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart (hṛdi) (in the heart, in the mind)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind

प्रौढः (prauḍhaḥ) - profound, mature (mature, fully grown, strong, deep, profound)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prauḍha

prauḍha - mature, fully grown, strong, deep, profound

From 'pra-vah' (to carry forward) or 'pra-ūḍha' (well-carried/developed)

Prefix: pra

Root: vah (class 1)

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death (mṛtyu) (death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death (mṛtyu)

From root 'mṛ' (to die)

Root: mṛ (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to 'mṛtyuḥ'.

मनोमयः (manomayaḥ) - mental, consisting of mind (consisting of mind, mental, spiritual)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manomaya

manomaya - consisting of mind, mental, intellectual, spiritual

Formed from 'manas' (mind) + 'mayaṭ' suffix (made of, consisting of)