महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-28

नित्यप्रमुदिता मूढा दिवि देवगणा इव ।
अवलेपेन महता परिदृब्धा विचेतसः ॥२८॥

28. nityapramuditā mūḍhā divi devagaṇā iva ,
avalepena mahatā paridṛbdhā vicetasaḥ.

28. nityapramuditā mūḍhā divi devagaṇā iva
avalepena mahatā paridṛbdhā vicetasaḥ

28. mūḍhā divi devagaṇā iva nityapramuditā
vicetasaḥ mahatā avalepena paridṛbdhā

28. The deluded ones (mūḍhā), ever joyful like hosts of gods in heaven, are mindless and greatly afflicted by arrogance.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यप्रमुदिता (nityapramuditā) - always joyful, perpetually delighted

• मूढा (mūḍhā) - deluded ones, fools, bewildered persons

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

• देवगणा (devagaṇā) - hosts of gods, groups of gods

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अवलेपेन (avalepena) - by arrogance, by haughtiness, by pride

• महता (mahatā) - by great, by vast

• परिदृब्धा (paridṛbdhā) - afflicted, tormented, deceived, troubled

• विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - mindless, bewildered, confused, senseless

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यप्रमुदिता (nityapramuditā) - always joyful, perpetually delighted

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nityapramudita

nityapramudita - always joyful, perpetually delighted

Past Passive Participle

Compound of nitya (always) and pramudita (delighted), a past passive participle from pra- + mud (to rejoice).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nitya+pramudita)

• nitya – constant, eternal, perpetual, always
  adjective
  From root nī (to lead) with tya suffix, or from ni.
  Root: nī (class 1)
• pramudita – delighted, joyful, pleased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from pra + root mud (to rejoice) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Modifies mūḍhā.

मूढा (mūḍhā) - deluded ones, fools, bewildered persons

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, stupid, ignorant, deluded, bewildered

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused) + kta suffix. Often used as a noun.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

From root div (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

देवगणा (devagaṇā) - hosts of gods, groups of gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagaṇa

devagaṇa - host of gods, multitude of gods

Compound of deva (god) and gaṇa (multitude, host).

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+gaṇa)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  From root div (to shine).
  Root: div (class 4)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)
  From root gaṇ (to count).
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Used in comparison with iva.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अवलेपेन (avalepena) - by arrogance, by haughtiness, by pride

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avalepa

avalepa - pride, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit

From ava- + root lip (to smear, to cover, hence to be puffed up).

Prefix: ava

Root: lip (class 6)

Note: Instrument of affliction.

महता (mahatā) - by great, by vast

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

From root mah (to be great) + tṛn suffix.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Modifies avalepena.

परिदृब्धा (paridṛbdhā) - afflicted, tormented, deceived, troubled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paridṛbdha

paridṛbdha - afflicted, tormented, distressed, deceived

Past Passive Participle

From pari- + root dṛbh (to string together, to cheat, to injure) + kta suffix.

Prefix: pari

Root: dṛbh (class 1)

Note: Modifies mūḍhā.

विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - mindless, bewildered, confused, senseless

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vicetas

vicetas - bewildered, senseless, mindless, confused, devoid of sense

Bahuvrīhi compound of vi (without) and cetas (mind, intelligence).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – apart, astray, without, un-
  indeclinable
• cetas – mind, intelligence, consciousness, heart
  noun (neuter)
  From root cit (to perceive, to understand).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Modifies mūḍhā.