महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-33

एतां बुद्धिं समास्थाय गुप्तचित्तश्चरेद्बुधः ।
उदयास्तमयज्ञं हि न शोकः स्प्रष्टुमर्हति ॥३३॥

33. etāṁ buddhiṁ samāsthāya guptacittaścaredbudhaḥ ,
udayāstamayajñaṁ hi na śokaḥ spraṣṭumarhati.

33. etām buddhim samāsthāya guptacittaḥ caret budhaḥ
udayāstamayajñam hi na śokaḥ spraṣṭum arhati

33. budhaḥ etām buddhim samāsthāya guptacittaḥ caret.
hi śokaḥ udayāstamayajñam na spraṣṭum arhati

33. Having firmly established this understanding (buddhi), a wise person should conduct themselves with a guarded mind. For sorrow (śoka) is indeed unable to touch one who comprehends rise and fall.

Words meanings summery:

• एताम् (etām) - this

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - this particular understanding/wisdom (intellect, understanding, wisdom, discernment)

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having adopted, having resorted to, having firmly established, having taken up

• गुप्तचित्तः (guptacittaḥ) - with a guarded mind, having a protected mind

• चरेत् (caret) - should act, should move, should conduct oneself

• बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, learned man, sage

• उदयास्तमयज्ञम् (udayāstamayajñam) - one who knows rise and fall, one who understands beginning and end

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, assuredly

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress

• स्प्रष्टुम् (spraṣṭum) - to touch, to affect, to reach

• अर्हति (arhati) - unable to (with 'na') (is able, is worthy, deserves, ought)

Words meanings and morphology

एताम् (etām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Feminine singular accusative form of the demonstrative pronoun 'etad'.

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - this particular understanding/wisdom (intellect, understanding, wisdom, discernment)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, wisdom, discernment

From the root 'budh' (to know, understand).

Root: budh (class 1)

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having adopted, having resorted to, having firmly established, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from the prefixes 'sam' + 'ā' and the root 'sthā' (to stand) with the 'lyaP' suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

गुप्तचित्तः (guptacittaḥ) - with a guarded mind, having a protected mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guptacitta

guptacitta - one whose mind is guarded, with a protected mind

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (gupta+citta)

• gupta – guarded, protected, hidden
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root 'gup' (to protect, hide).
  Root: gup (class 1)
• citta – mind, thought, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  From the root 'cit' (to perceive, observe, understand).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'budhaḥ'.

चरेत् (caret) - should act, should move, should conduct oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Liṅ) of car

Optative mood

From the root 'car' (Class 1) + 'e' (optative vowel) + 't' (3rd person singular active ending).

Root: car (class 1)

बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, learned man, sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budha

budha - wise, learned; a wise man, an intelligent person

From the root 'budh' (to know, awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

उदयास्तमयज्ञम् (udayāstamayajñam) - one who knows rise and fall, one who understands beginning and end

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udayāstamayajña

udayāstamayajña - knowing the rising and setting (of things), understanding origin and dissolution

Compound type : Tatpurusha (udaya+astamaya+jña)

• udaya – rise, ascent, origin, prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ud' (up) + root 'i' (to go).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)
• astamaya – setting, disappearance, destruction, end
  noun (masculine)
  From 'asta' (home/set) + root 'i' (to go). Literally 'going to rest/home'.
  Prefix: asta
  Root: i (class 2)
• jña – knowing, understanding, wise; one who knows
  adjective (masculine)
  From the root 'jñā' (to know). Agent suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Implicit object of 'spraṣṭum arhati'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, assuredly

(indeclinable)

Particle often used to explain or confirm a preceding statement.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress

From the root 'śuc' (to grieve, lament).

Root: śuc (class 1)

स्प्रष्टुम् (spraṣṭum) - to touch, to affect, to reach

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from the root 'spṛś' (Class 6) with the 'tumUN' suffix. The root undergoes internal sandhi (ṛ -> ra, ś -> ṣ) before 'tum'.

Root: spṛś (class 6)

अर्हति (arhati) - unable to (with 'na') (is able, is worthy, deserves, ought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

Present tense, Active voice

From the root 'arh' (Class 1) + 'a' (thematic vowel) + 'ti' (3rd person singular active ending).

Root: arh (class 1)