महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
सर्वत्र विहितो धर्मः स्वर्ग्यः सत्यफलं तपः ।
बहुद्वारस्य धर्मस्य नेहास्ति विफला क्रिया ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
sarvatra vihito dharmaḥ svargyaḥ satyaphalaṁ tapaḥ ,
bahudvārasya dharmasya nehāsti viphalā kriyā.

2. bhīṣma uvāca sarvatra vihitaḥ dharmaḥ svargyaḥ satyaphalam
tapaḥ bahudvārasya dharmasya na iha asti viphalā kriyā

2. bhīṣma uvāca sarvatra dharmaḥ vihitaḥ svargyaḥ tapaḥ
satyaphalam bahudvārasya dharmasya iha viphalā kriyā na asti

2. Bhīṣma said: The natural law (dharma) is ordained everywhere and leads to heaven. Austerity (tapas) yields true results. For this natural law (dharma), which has many paths, no action (karma) undertaken here is ever fruitless.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma, the speaker (Bhīṣma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma said. (said, spoke)

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, in all places)

• विहितः (vihitaḥ) - (dharma) is ordained (ordained, prescribed, appointed)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty)

• स्वर्ग्यः (svargyaḥ) - leading to heaven (referring to dharma) (leading to heaven, celestial)

• सत्यफलम् (satyaphalam) - yielding true results (referring to austerity) (yielding true fruit, whose fruit is truth)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (austerity, penance, spiritual heat)

• बहुद्वारस्य (bahudvārasya) - of the natural law (dharma) which has many paths (of many gates/doors, of many paths)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of this natural law (dharma) (of duty, of natural law)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

• विफला (viphalā) - fruitless (action) (fruitless, useless, vain)

• क्रिया (kriyā) - action (karma) (action, activity, rite)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma, the speaker (Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhīṣma said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect form from √vac, 3rd person singular

Root: √vac (class 2)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, in all places)

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + tral suffix (place)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vihitaḥ'.

विहितः (vihitaḥ) - (dharma) is ordained (ordained, prescribed, appointed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihita

vihita - ordained, prescribed, arranged, performed

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: √dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution, essential quality

From √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

स्वर्ग्यः (svargyaḥ) - leading to heaven (referring to dharma) (leading to heaven, celestial)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargya

svargya - leading to heaven, celestial, divine

From svarga (heaven) + yat suffix

Note: Predicative adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.

सत्यफलम् (satyaphalam) - yielding true results (referring to austerity) (yielding true fruit, whose fruit is truth)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satyaphala

satyaphala - having true fruit, whose result is truth

Compound satya + phala

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+phala)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun/adjective (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'tapaḥ'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (austerity, penance, spiritual heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, penance, austerity, spiritual practice

From √tap (to heat, suffer penance)

Root: √tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

बहुद्वारस्य (bahudvārasya) - of the natural law (dharma) which has many paths (of many gates/doors, of many paths)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bahudvāra

bahudvāra - having many doors or gates, manifold, having many avenues

Compound bahu + dvāra

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+dvāra)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective
• dvāra – door, gate, entrance, means
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmasya'.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of this natural law (dharma) (of duty, of natural law)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution, essential quality

From √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, related to 'kriyā'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates 'asti'.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Adverb

Note: Adverb of place.

अस्ति (asti) - is (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

3rd person singular

Root: √as (class 2)

विफला (viphalā) - fruitless (action) (fruitless, useless, vain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viphala

viphala - fruitless, unsuccessful, useless

Compound vi + phala

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+phala)

• vi – without, lacking
  indeclinable
  Negative or privative prefix
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kriyā'.

क्रिया (kriyā) - action (karma) (action, activity, rite)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kriyā

kriyā - action, act, performance, ritual, activity, deed

From √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'asti'.