महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-17

अदर्शनादापतितः पुनश्चादर्शनं गतः ।
न त्वासौ वेद न त्वं तं कः सन्कमनुशोचसि ॥१७॥

17. adarśanādāpatitaḥ punaścādarśanaṁ gataḥ ,
na tvāsau veda na tvaṁ taṁ kaḥ sankamanuśocasi.

17. adarśanāt āpatitaḥ punaḥ ca adarśanam gataḥ na
tvā asau veda na tvam tam kaḥ san kam anuśocasi

17. adarśanāt āpatitaḥ ca punaḥ adarśanam gataḥ asau
tvā na veda na tvam tam veda kaḥ san kam anuśocasi

17. He who has appeared from the unmanifest and returned to the unmanifest—neither does that one know you, nor do you know him. Who are you, and for whom do you grieve?

Words meanings summery:

• अदर्शनात् (adarśanāt) - from the unmanifest state of being (from invisibility, from the unmanifest, from the unseen)

• आपतितः (āpatitaḥ) - having appeared or come into being (fallen down, appeared, arrived)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• च (ca) - and

• अदर्शनम् (adarśanam) - to the unmanifest state of being (to invisibility, to the unmanifest, to the unseen)

• गतः (gataḥ) - having returned or gone back (gone, departed, reached)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• असौ (asau) - that departed one (that (one), he, she)

• वेद (veda) - knows

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

• तम् (tam) - that departed one (him (accusative))

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

• सन् (san) - being what kind of person/entity (being, existing)

• कम् (kam) - for whom (whom? what? (accusative))

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve, you lament

Words meanings and morphology

अदर्शनात् (adarśanāt) - from the unmanifest state of being (from invisibility, from the unmanifest, from the unseen)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of adarśana

adarśana - unseen, invisible, non-perception, the unmanifest

From a (negation) + darśana (seeing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+darśana)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• darśana – seeing, perception, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  From root dṛś + ana (kṛt suffix)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

आपतितः (āpatitaḥ) - having appeared or come into being (fallen down, appeared, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpatita

āpatita - fallen, descended, arrived, appeared

Past Passive Participle

From ā-pat (to fall upon, to come)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Acts as a descriptive adjective for an implied 'he' or 'being'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अदर्शनम् (adarśanam) - to the unmanifest state of being (to invisibility, to the unmanifest, to the unseen)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adarśana

adarśana - unseen, invisible, non-perception, the unmanifest

From a (negation) + darśana (seeing)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+darśana)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• darśana – seeing, perception, appearance
  noun (neuter)
  From root dṛś + ana (kṛt suffix)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

गतः (gataḥ) - having returned or gone back (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, past

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + ta (suffix)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as a descriptive adjective for an implied 'he' or 'being'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: An archaic/Vedic form of tvām.

असौ (asau) - that departed one (that (one), he, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (yonder), he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the departed person/entity.

वेद (veda) - knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Perfect tense (liṭ) used in a present sense, or special atmanepada form in present tense.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: It's technically a perfect form (liṭ) but used with a present meaning.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तम् (tam) - that departed one (him (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the departed person/entity.

कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

सन् (san) - being what kind of person/entity (being, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be) + śatṛ (suffix)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Often translated as 'being' or 'while being'.

कम् (kam) - for whom (whom? what? (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Used here with the verb anuśocasi, asking 'whom do you grieve for?'.

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuśoc

From anu (after) + śuc (to grieve)

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)