महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-18

तृष्णार्तिप्रभवं दुःखं दुःखार्तिप्रभवं सुखम् ।
सुखात्संजायते दुःखमेवमेतत्पुनः पुनः ।
सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं दुःखस्यानन्तरं सुखम् ॥१८॥

18. tṛṣṇārtiprabhavaṁ duḥkhaṁ duḥkhārtiprabhavaṁ sukham ,
sukhātsaṁjāyate duḥkhamevametatpunaḥ punaḥ ,
sukhasyānantaraṁ duḥkhaṁ duḥkhasyānantaraṁ sukham.

18. tṛṣṇārtiprabhavam duḥkham duḥkhārtiprabhavam
sukham sukhāt saṃjāyate duḥkham
evam etat punaḥ punaḥ sukhasya anantaram
duḥkham duḥkhasya anantaram sukham

18. tṛṣṇārtiprabhavam duḥkham duḥkhārtiprabhavam
sukham sukhāt duḥkham saṃjāyate
evam etat punaḥ punaḥ sukhasya anantaram
duḥkham duḥkhasya anantaram sukham

18. Suffering (duḥkha) arises from the pain of craving, and happiness (sukha) arises from the pain of suffering. From happiness, suffering is born; thus, this cycle repeats again and again. After happiness comes suffering, and after suffering comes happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• तृष्णार्तिप्रभवम् (tṛṣṇārtiprabhavam) - arising from the pain of craving

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain (duḥkha)

• दुःखार्तिप्रभवम् (duḥkhārtiprabhavam) - arising from the pain of suffering

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, pleasure (sukha)

• सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness, from pleasure

• संजायते (saṁjāyate) - is born, arises, originates

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain (duḥkha)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• एतत् (etat) - this cycle or pattern (this, this one, it)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness, of pleasure

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequent

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain (duḥkha)

• दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering, of pain

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequent

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, pleasure (sukha)

Words meanings and morphology

तृष्णार्तिप्रभवम् (tṛṣṇārtiprabhavam) - arising from the pain of craving

(adjective)

neuter, singular of tṛṣṇārtiprabhava

tṛṣṇārtiprabhava - originating from the pain of desire/craving

Compound type : tatpurusha (tṛṣṇā+ārti+prabhava)

• tṛṣṇā – thirst, craving, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tṛṣ (class 4)
• ārti – pain, distress, suffering
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• prabhava – origin, source, arising
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-bhū (to arise, originate)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies duḥkham.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain (duḥkha)

(noun)

neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

From dus (bad) + kha (axle-hole, space), implying difficulty or discomfort. Considered an important concept in Indian philosophy, especially Buddhism and Yoga.

Note: Acts as the subject in the first clause and object/subject in others.

दुःखार्तिप्रभवम् (duḥkhārtiprabhavam) - arising from the pain of suffering

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duḥkhārtiprabhava

duḥkhārtiprabhava - originating from the pain of suffering

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārti+prabhava)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• ārti – pain, distress, suffering
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• prabhava – origin, source, arising
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-bhū (to arise, originate)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies sukham.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, pleasure (sukha)

(noun)

neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasure

From su (good) + kha (axle-hole, space), implying comfort or ease. Opposite of duḥkha.

Note: Acts as the subject in the second clause and object/subject in others.

सुखात् (sukhāt) - from happiness, from pleasure

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasure

Note: Indicates source or origin.

संजायते (saṁjāyate) - is born, arises, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of saṃjā

From sam-jan (to be born together, to arise). Atmanepada form.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain (duḥkha)

(noun)

neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this cycle or pattern (this, this one, it)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness, of pleasure

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasure

Note: Possessive or associated with.

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequent

(indeclinable)

From a (negation) + antara (interval)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+antara)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• antara – interval, space, inner
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as a postposition with the genitive.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain (duḥkha)

(noun)

neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering, of pain

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after, subsequent

(indeclinable)

From a (negation) + antara (interval)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+antara)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
• antara – interval, space, inner
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as a postposition with the genitive.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy, pleasure (sukha)

(noun)

neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasure