महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-168, verse-23

धेनुर्वत्सस्य गोपस्य स्वामिनस्तस्करस्य च ।
पयः पिबति यस्तस्या धेनुस्तस्येति निश्चयः ॥२३॥

23. dhenurvatsasya gopasya svāminastaskarasya ca ,
payaḥ pibati yastasyā dhenustasyeti niścayaḥ.

23. dhenuḥ vatsasya gopasya svāminaḥ taskarasya ca
payaḥ pibati yaḥ tasyāḥ dhenuḥ tasya iti niścayaḥ

23. dhenuḥ vatsasya gopasya svāminaḥ taskarasya ca payaḥ
(dadāti) yaḥ tasyāḥ (payaḥ) pibati dhenuḥ tasya iti niścayaḥ

23. A cow gives milk (payaḥ) for her calf, for the cowherd, for her owner, and also for a thief. Whoever drinks her milk, that cow is considered his – this is the definitive conclusion (niścaya).

Words meanings summery:

• धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow, milch cow

• वत्सस्य (vatsasya) - of the calf, for the calf

• गोपस्य (gopasya) - of the cowherd, for the cowherd

• स्वामिनः (svāminaḥ) - of the owner, for the master

• तस्करस्य (taskarasya) - of the thief, for the thief

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पयः (payaḥ) - milk, water, fluid

• पिबति (pibati) - drinks

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of that (cow) (of her, of that (feminine))

• धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow, milch cow

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, of that (masculine/neuter)

• इति (iti) - marks a conclusion or quotation (thus, so, in this way)

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, determination, conclusion

Words meanings and morphology

धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow, milch cow

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - cow, milch cow, female animal

From root dhī 'to suckle'

Root: dhī

वत्सस्य (vatsasya) - of the calf, for the calf

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, offspring, child, darling

गोपस्य (gopasya) - of the cowherd, for the cowherd

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gopa

gopa - cowherd, protector of cows, herdsman

Formed from go ('cow') and pā ('to protect', acting as agent suffix -pa)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (go+pa)

• go – cow, cattle, earth
  noun (feminine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root pā 'to protect'
  Root: pā (class 1)

स्वामिनः (svāminaḥ) - of the owner, for the master

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svāmin

svāmin - owner, master, lord, possessor

From sva ('own') with possessive suffix -in

तस्करस्य (taskarasya) - of the thief, for the thief

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of taskara

taskara - thief, robber, plunderer

From tat ('that') and kara ('maker, doer'), one who makes off with that (i.e., property)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tat+kara)

• tat – that, he, she, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun derived from root kṛ 'to do, make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पयः (payaḥ) - milk, water, fluid

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, fluid, juice

From root pī 'to swell, to nourish'

Root: pī

पिबति (pibati) - drinks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice

Root: pā (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of that (cow) (of her, of that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, her (demonstrative pronoun)

Feminine genitive singular of tad

धेनुः (dhenuḥ) - cow, milch cow

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhenu

dhenu - cow, milch cow, female animal

From root dhī 'to suckle'

Root: dhī

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his, of that (masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine/neuter genitive singular of tad

इति (iti) - marks a conclusion or quotation (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Root: i (class 2)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, determination, conclusion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, conviction, determination, conclusion, resolve

From niś-ci 'to ascertain, decide'

Prefix: niḥ

Root: ci (class 5)