महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121, verse-57

माता पिता च भ्राता च भार्या चाथ पुरोहितः ।
नादण्ड्यो विद्यते राज्ञां यः स्वधर्मे न तिष्ठति ॥५७॥

57. mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā cātha purohitaḥ ,
nādaṇḍyo vidyate rājñāṁ yaḥ svadharme na tiṣṭhati.

57. mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā ca atha purohitaḥ | na
adaṇḍyaḥ vidyate rājñām yaḥ sva-dharme na tiṣṭhati

57. mātā pitā ca bhrātā ca bhāryā ca atha purohitaḥ yaḥ sva-dharme na tiṣṭhati,
[saḥ] rājñām na adaṇḍyaḥ vidyate

57. Neither mother, nor father, nor brother, nor wife, nor even the family priest (purohita) is exempt from punishment by kings if that person does not uphold their own natural law (sva-dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• माता (mātā) - mother

• पिता (pitā) - father

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अथ (atha) - even (then, now, moreover, and)

• पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - family priest (purohita) (family priest, chaplain)

• न (na) - not, no

• अदण्ड्यः (adaṇḍyaḥ) - exempt from punishment (not punishable, exempt from punishment)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is exempt (exists, is found, is present)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - by kings (of kings)

• यः (yaḥ) - if that person (who, which, what, whoever)

• स्व-धर्मे (sva-dharme) - in one's own natural law (sva-dharma) (in one's own natural law, duty, or intrinsic nature)

• न (na) - not, no

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - upholds, abides (stands, stays, abides, remains)

Words meanings and morphology

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, one to be supported/maintained

Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle

Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - even (then, now, moreover, and)

(indeclinable)

पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - family priest (purohita) (family priest, chaplain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - one placed in front, family priest, chaplain

Compound type : tatpurusha (puras+hita)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• hita – placed, appointed, beneficial, friendly
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhā (to place, put)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अदण्ड्यः (adaṇḍyaḥ) - exempt from punishment (not punishable, exempt from punishment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adaṇḍya

adaṇḍya - not punishable, exempt from punishment

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+daṇḍya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• daṇḍya – punishable, deserving punishment
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Potential Passive Participle
  Derived from root daṇḍ (to punish)
  Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

विद्यते (vidyate) - is exempt (exists, is found, is present)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - by kings (of kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Here genitive indicates agency/possession ('for kings' or 'by kings')

यः (yaḥ) - if that person (who, which, what, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, refers to any of the listed relations/persons

स्व-धर्मे (sva-dharme) - in one's own natural law (sva-dharma) (in one's own natural law, duty, or intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sva-dharma

sva-dharma - one's own natural law, duty, intrinsic nature

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+dharma)

• sva – one's own, self
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - upholds, abides (stands, stays, abides, remains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)