महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121, verse-10

अपि चैतत्पुरा राजन्मनुना प्रोक्तमादितः ।
सुप्रणीतेन दण्डेन प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना ।
प्रजा रक्षति यः सम्यग्धर्म एव स केवलः ॥१०॥

10. api caitatpurā rājanmanunā proktamāditaḥ ,
supraṇītena daṇḍena priyāpriyasamātmanā ,
prajā rakṣati yaḥ samyagdharma eva sa kevalaḥ.

10. api ca etat purā rājan manunā
proktam āditaḥ supraṇītena daṇḍena
priyāpriyasamātmanā prajāḥ rakṣati
yaḥ samyak dharmaḥ eva saḥ kevalaḥ

10. rājan api ca etat purā āditaḥ manunā
proktam yaḥ supraṇītena
priyāpriyasamātmanā daṇḍena prajāḥ samyak
rakṣati saḥ kevalaḥ dharmaḥ eva

10. Moreover, O king, this was declared by Manu from the very beginning: He who properly protects the subjects with a well-administered authority (daṇḍa), which is impartial towards friends and non-friends, he alone is truly upholding the natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• मनुना (manunā) - by Manu

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, spoken, said

• आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning, first

• सुप्रणीतेन (supraṇītena) - by a well-administered, by a well-applied

• दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by authority, by punishment, by the rod

• प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना (priyāpriyasamātmanā) - by one whose nature is equal towards friends and non-friends; impartially

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects, guards

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature of governance (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• केवलः (kevalaḥ) - alone, solely, exclusive

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, that

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

मनुना (manunā) - by Manu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manu

manu - Manu (progenitor of mankind, lawgiver), man

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pro-vac

pro-vac - to speak forth, to declare, to announce

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + root vac (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'etat'. Also accusative singular neuter.

आदितः (āditaḥ) - from the beginning, first

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas indicating 'from'

सुप्रणीतेन (supraṇītena) - by a well-administered, by a well-applied

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of supraṇīta

supraṇīta - well-guided, well-directed, well-administered, well-applied

Past Passive Participle

From su- + pra- + root nī (to lead, guide)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+praṇīta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• praṇīta – guided, led, applied, well-disposed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra- + root nī (to lead)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍena'.

दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by authority, by punishment, by the rod

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, punishment, authority, scepter, control

Note: Masculine form 'daṇḍa' in common usage.

प्रियाप्रियसमात्मना (priyāpriyasamātmanā) - by one whose nature is equal towards friends and non-friends; impartially

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of priyāpriyasamātman

priyāpriyasamātman - whose self (ātman) is equal towards friends and non-friends; impartial

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (priya+apriya+sama+ātman)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing; friend
  adjective (masculine)
• apriya – not dear, displeasing; enemy, non-friend
  adjective (masculine)
  From a- (negation) + priya
  Prefix: a
• sama – equal, same, like, even
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍena'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people, creatures

Note: Also nominative plural.

रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects, guards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, completely

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial form.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature of governance (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, justice, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ'.

केवलः (kevalaḥ) - alone, solely, exclusive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kevala

kevala - alone, solely, exclusive, whole, entire, pure

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'dharmaḥ'.