महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121, verse-48

ब्रह्मणा लोकरक्षार्थं स्वधर्मस्थापनाय च ।
भर्तृप्रत्यय उत्पन्नो व्यवहारस्तथापरः ।
तस्माद्यः सहितो दृष्टो भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः ॥४८॥

48. brahmaṇā lokarakṣārthaṁ svadharmasthāpanāya ca ,
bhartṛpratyaya utpanno vyavahārastathāparaḥ ,
tasmādyaḥ sahito dṛṣṭo bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ.

48. brahmaṇā lokarakṣārtham svadharmasthāpanāya
ca bhartṛpratyayaḥ utpannaḥ
vyavahāraḥ tathā aparaḥ tasmāt yaḥ
sahitaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ

48. brahmaṇā lokarakṣārtham ca
svadharmasthāpanāya vyavahāraḥ utpannaḥ tathā
aparaḥ bhartṛpratyayaḥ tasmāt yaḥ
sahitaḥ dṛṣṭaḥ bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ

48. For the protection of the world and the establishment of natural law (dharma), vyavahāra (legal procedure) was brought forth by Brahma. Another type (of vyavahāra) also arises from the king's decree (bhartṛpratyaya). Therefore, whatever legal procedure is observed to be endowed with the characteristic of the king's decree (bhartṛpratyaya) is considered valid.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahma (the creator deity) (by Brahma (the creator god), by a Brahmin)

• लोकरक्षार्थम् (lokarakṣārtham) - for the protection of the world (for the protection of the world/people)

• स्वधर्मस्थापनाय (svadharmasthāpanāya) - for the establishment of natural law (dharma) (for the establishment of one's own dharma / natural law)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• भर्तृप्रत्ययः (bhartṛpratyayaḥ) - the king's decree or authority (king's decree, king's confidence, royal authority)

• उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - was brought forth, arose (arisen, produced, generated, born)

• व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - legal procedure (legal procedure, conduct, custom, transaction, usage, lawsuit)

• तथा (tathā) - also, similarly (thus, so, likewise, also, in that manner)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another type (of vyavahāra) (other, another, different, later)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• यः (yaḥ) - whatever (legal procedure) (which, who, whoever)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - endowed with, accompanied by (accompanied by, joined with, endowed with, possessed of)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - is observed, is considered (seen, observed, perceived, considered)

• भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः (bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ) - bearing the characteristic of the king's decree (having the characteristic of the king's decree, marked by royal authority)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मणा (brahmaṇā) - by Brahma (the creator deity) (by Brahma (the creator god), by a Brahmin)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), Brahmin, prayer, sacred text, universal spirit (neuter brahman)

Masculine noun for the creator god.

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Agent of utpannaḥ.

लोकरक्षार्थम् (lokarakṣārtham) - for the protection of the world (for the protection of the world/people)

(indeclinable)

Compound. lokarakṣā (world protection) + artha (purpose, meaning).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+rakṣā+artha)

• loka – world, people, universe, region
  noun (masculine)
  Root: loc (class 1)
• rakṣā – protection, guarding, preservation, defence
  noun (feminine)
  From rakṣ (to protect) + ā (suffix).
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative of purpose.

स्वधर्मस्थापनाय (svadharmasthāpanāya) - for the establishment of natural law (dharma) (for the establishment of one's own dharma / natural law)

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of svadharmasthāpanā

svadharmasthāpanā - establishment of one's own duty/law, establishment of natural law

Compound noun in dative case.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma+sthāpanā)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective/pronoun
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religious merit
  noun (masculine)
  From dhṛ (to hold, support) + ma (suffix).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• sthāpanā – establishment, setting up, placing, confirmation
  noun (feminine)
  From sthā (to stand) with causative + ana (suffix).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Dative of purpose.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two purposes.

भर्तृप्रत्ययः (bhartṛpratyayaḥ) - the king's decree or authority (king's decree, king's confidence, royal authority)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛpratyaya

bhartṛpratyaya - king's confidence, king's decree, royal authority, based on the master's trust

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhartṛ+pratyaya)

• bhartṛ – supporter, maintainer, master, husband, king
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from bhṛ (to bear, support).
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• pratyaya – conviction, belief, confidence, trust, idea, notion, cause, reason, suffix
  noun (masculine)
  From prati- (prefix) + i (to go) + a (suffix).
  Prefix: prati
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of implied verb "arises".

उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - was brought forth, arose (arisen, produced, generated, born)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utpanna

utpanna - arisen, produced, generated, born, created

Past Passive Participle

From ut- (prefix) + pad (to go, fall) + na (suffix).

Prefix: ut

Root: pad (class 4)

व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - legal procedure (legal procedure, conduct, custom, transaction, usage, lawsuit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - conduct, behavior, usage, custom, legal procedure, transaction, lawsuit

From vi-ava- (prefixes) + hṛ (to carry) + a (suffix).

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of utpannaḥ.

तथा (tathā) - also, similarly (thus, so, likewise, also, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another type (of vyavahāra) (other, another, different, later)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent, inferior, western

Demonstrative pronoun.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of tad.

Note: Connects the consequence.

यः (yaḥ) - whatever (legal procedure) (which, who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Nominative masculine singular of yad.

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - endowed with, accompanied by (accompanied by, joined with, endowed with, possessed of)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined with, endowed with, possessed of, collected

Past Passive Participle

From sa- (prefix) + hi (to send, put) + ta (suffix). Or perhaps from sah (to bear) + ita (suffix). More likely with sa-hita from dhā as 'put together'.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - is observed, is considered (seen, observed, perceived, considered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, visible, experienced, considered

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भर्तृप्रत्ययलक्षणः (bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ) - bearing the characteristic of the king's decree (having the characteristic of the king's decree, marked by royal authority)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇa

bhartṛpratyayalakṣaṇa - having the characteristic mark of the king's decree, characterized by royal authority

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhartṛpratyaya+lakṣaṇa)

• bhartṛpratyaya – king's confidence, king's decree, royal authority
  noun (masculine)
  Compound.
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute, definition
  noun (neuter)
  From lakṣ (to mark, perceive) + ana (suffix).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)