महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121, verse-46

सप्तप्रकृति चाष्टाङ्गं शरीरमिह यद्विदुः ।
राज्यस्य दण्ड एवाङ्गं दण्डः प्रभव एव च ॥४६॥

46. saptaprakṛti cāṣṭāṅgaṁ śarīramiha yadviduḥ ,
rājyasya daṇḍa evāṅgaṁ daṇḍaḥ prabhava eva ca.

46. saptaprakṛti ca aṣṭāṅgam śarīram iha yat viduḥ
rājyasya daṇḍaḥ eva aṅgam daṇḍaḥ prabhavaḥ eva ca

46. iha yat rājyasya śarīram saptaprakṛti ca aṣṭāṅgam
viduḥ daṇḍaḥ eva aṅgam ca daṇḍaḥ eva prabhavaḥ

46. Here, they consider the state's structure to consist of seven natural elements (prakṛti) and to have eight components. Indeed, the rod of authority (daṇḍa) is a constituent of the state, and this authority (daṇḍa) is also its very source of power.

Words meanings summery:

• सप्तप्रकृति (saptaprakṛti) - the seven fundamental constituents of a state (consisting of seven elements, seven constituents, seven natures)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अष्टाङ्गम् (aṣṭāṅgam) - referring to the state having eight components (eight-limbed, having eight parts/constituents)

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - the structural composition or "body" of the state (body, structure, physical form)

• इह (iha) - here, in this context (of political theory) (here, in this world, in this matter, in this context)

• यत् (yat) - which (referring to śarīram) (which, that, what)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they (scholars/lawgivers) consider (they know, they understand, they consider)

• राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the state (of the kingdom, of the state, of sovereignty)

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod of authority, the power of justice and punishment (rod, stick, punishment, authority, scepter, control)

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely, certainly)

• अङ्गम् (aṅgam) - a fundamental constituent/component (limb, constituent, component, part)

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - this authority (daṇḍa) (rod, stick, punishment, authority, scepter, control)

• प्रभवः (prabhavaḥ) - the very source of power/existence (source, origin, might, power, prosperity, cause)

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely, certainly)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

Words meanings and morphology

सप्तप्रकृति (saptaprakṛti) - the seven fundamental constituents of a state (consisting of seven elements, seven constituents, seven natures)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saptaprakṛti

saptaprakṛti - seven constituents, seven natural elements, a state with seven constituent elements

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sapta+prakṛti)

• sapta – seven
  numeral adjective
• prakṛti – nature, origin, source, fundamental constituent, primeval matter, original form
  noun (feminine)
  From pra- (prefix) + kṛ (to do, make) + ti (suffix).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used as an adjective here for śarīram or as a noun in apposition.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अष्टाङ्गम् (aṣṭāṅgam) - referring to the state having eight components (eight-limbed, having eight parts/constituents)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aṣṭāṅga

aṣṭāṅga - eight-limbed, eight-part, consisting of eight parts

Compound type : dvigu (aṣṭa+aṅga)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral adjective
• aṅga – limb, body part, constituent, component, division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with śarīram (which is neuter accusative singular).

शरीरम् (śarīram) - the structural composition or "body" of the state (body, structure, physical form)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, frame, structure, organism

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Object of viduḥ.

इह (iha) - here, in this context (of political theory) (here, in this world, in this matter, in this context)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which (referring to śarīram) (which, that, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Nom. sing. neuter, qualifying śarīram.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they (scholars/lawgivers) consider (they know, they understand, they consider)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root verb, irregular conjugation.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied, e.g., "they" (the wise, the lawmakers).

राज्यस्य (rājyasya) - of the state (of the kingdom, of the state, of sovereignty)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, state, realm, sovereignty

From rājan (king) + -ya (suffix).

Root: rāj

Note: Possessive, "of the state".

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - the rod of authority, the power of justice and punishment (rod, stick, punishment, authority, scepter, control)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, authority, scepter, army, fine

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

अङ्गम् (aṅgam) - a fundamental constituent/component (limb, constituent, component, part)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aṅga

aṅga - limb, body part, constituent, component, division, member

Note: Predicate nominative.

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - this authority (daṇḍa) (rod, stick, punishment, authority, scepter, control)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, authority, scepter, army, fine

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

प्रभवः (prabhavaḥ) - the very source of power/existence (source, origin, might, power, prosperity, cause)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhava

prabhava - source, origin, cause, power, might, birth, eminence

From pra- (prefix) + bhū (to be, exist) + a (suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative.

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (only, just, indeed, precisely, certainly)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two statements about daṇḍa.