महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121, verse-44

अष्टाङ्गस्य तु युक्तस्य हस्तिनो हस्तियायिनः ।
अश्वारोहाः पदाताश्च मन्त्रिणो रसदाश्च ये ॥४४॥

44. aṣṭāṅgasya tu yuktasya hastino hastiyāyinaḥ ,
aśvārohāḥ padātāśca mantriṇo rasadāśca ye.

44. aṣṭāṅgasya tu yuktasya hastinaḥ hastiyāyinaḥ
aśvārohāḥ padātāḥ ca mantriṇaḥ rasadāḥ ca ye

44. tu aṣṭāṅgasya yuktasya hastinaḥ hastiyāyinaḥ
aśvārohāḥ padātāḥ ca mantriṇaḥ rasadāḥ ca ye

44. And, indeed, pertaining to the equipped eight-limbed force are elephants, elephant-riders, cavalry, infantry, ministers (mantrin), and secret agents (rasada), and those who are...

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टाङ्गस्य (aṣṭāṅgasya) - referring to the eight-limbed military force described previously (of the eight-limbed (force/army))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• युक्तस्य (yuktasya) - of the well-equipped or organized (force) (of the joined, of the equipped, of the engaged)

• हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

• हस्तियायिनः (hastiyāyinaḥ) - elephant riders

• अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horse riders, cavalry

• पदाताः (padātāḥ) - infantry, foot soldiers

• च (ca) - and, also

• मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - ministers, counselors (mantrin)

• रसदाः (rasadāḥ) - individuals responsible for secret operations or provisions, potentially including poisoning (secret agents, poisoners, providers of provisions (rasada))

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - introducing the list of other personnel and resources in the following verse (those who, which (relative pronoun))

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टाङ्गस्य (aṣṭāṅgasya) - referring to the eight-limbed military force described previously (of the eight-limbed (force/army))

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of aṣṭāṅga

aṣṭāṅga - having eight limbs/parts, eight-fold

Compound of aṣṭan (eight) and aṅga (limb/part).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭan+aṅga)

• aṣṭan – eight
  numeral
• aṅga – limb, body part, component, division
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun (like balasya).

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

युक्तस्य (yuktasya) - of the well-equipped or organized (force) (of the joined, of the equipped, of the engaged)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, fitted, equipped, engaged, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yuj (to join, to yoke).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Describes the eight-limbed force as 'equipped' or 'organized'.

हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hastin

hastin - elephant (lit. 'having a hand/trunk')

From hasta (hand) + possessive suffix -in.

Note: Here, acts as one of the subjects in a list, even though aṣṭāṅgasya yuktasya is genitive.

हस्तियायिनः (hastiyāyinaḥ) - elephant riders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hastiyāyin

hastiyāyin - elephant rider, one who rides elephants

Compound of hastin (elephant) and yāyin (rider, one who goes).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hastin+yāyin)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• yāyin – going, rider, traveler
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root yā (to go) with suffix -in.
  Root: yā (class 2)

अश्वारोहाः (aśvārohāḥ) - horse riders, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horse rider, cavalryman

Compound of aśva (horse) and āroha (rider, ascent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, one who mounts, ascent
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root ruh (to rise) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Refers to cavalry.

पदाताः (padātāḥ) - infantry, foot soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāta

padāta - foot soldier, infantryman

From padā (foot) + suffix. Or from pad (to go).

Root: pad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मन्त्रिणः (mantriṇaḥ) - ministers, counselors (mantrin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor, advisor

From mantra (counsel) + possessive suffix -in.

Root: mantr (class 10)

रसदाः (rasadāḥ) - individuals responsible for secret operations or provisions, potentially including poisoning (secret agents, poisoners, providers of provisions (rasada))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rasada

rasada - giving juice/flavor, provider of essence/poison, secret agent, assassin

Compound of rasa (juice, essence, poison) and da (giving).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rasa+da)

• rasa – juice, taste, essence, poison, fluid
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - introducing the list of other personnel and resources in the following verse (those who, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what, whatever

Relative pronoun.

Note: Introduces a new list of items.