महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-121, verse-12

प्रागिदं वचनं प्रोक्तमतः प्राग्वचनं विदुः ।
व्यवहारस्य चाख्यानाद्व्यवहार इहोच्यते ॥१२॥

12. prāgidaṁ vacanaṁ proktamataḥ prāgvacanaṁ viduḥ ,
vyavahārasya cākhyānādvyavahāra ihocyate.

12. prāk idam vacanam proktam ataḥ prāgvacanam viduḥ
vyavahārasya ca ākhyānāt vyavahāraḥ iha ucyate

12. idam vacanam prāk proktam ataḥ (imam) prāgvacanam
viduḥ ca vyavahārasya ākhyānāt iha vyavahāraḥ ucyate

12. This statement was declared previously; therefore, they know it as the 'previous statement'. And due to its exposition of legal conduct (vyavahāra), it is here called 'legal conduct (vyavahāra)'.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राक् (prāk) - before, previously, formerly

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - statement, word, pronouncement

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, spoken, said

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

• प्राग्वचनम् (prāgvacanam) - the previous statement

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand, they consider

• व्यवहारस्य (vyavahārasya) - of legal conduct (vyavahāra) (of legal conduct, of transaction, of usage)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आख्यानात् (ākhyānāt) - from the narration, from the declaration, because of the explanation

• व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - legal conduct (vyavahāra) (legal conduct, usage, transaction, practice)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

प्राक् (prāk) - before, previously, formerly

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'. Also accusative singular neuter.

वचनम् (vacanam) - statement, word, pronouncement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, statement, speech, pronouncement

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Also accusative singular.

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pro-vac

pro-vac - to speak forth, to declare, to announce

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + root vac (to speak)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'. Also accusative singular neuter.

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

प्राग्वचनम् (prāgvacanam) - the previous statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāgvacana

prāgvacana - previous statement, former pronouncement

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāk+vacana)

• prāc – before, previously, eastern, ancient
  indeclinable
• vacana – word, statement, speech
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Also nominative singular.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand, they consider

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

व्यवहारस्य (vyavahārasya) - of legal conduct (vyavahāra) (of legal conduct, of transaction, of usage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - conduct, usage, custom, legal procedure, transaction, business

From vi-ava-hṛ (to act, deal with)

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आख्यानात् (ākhyānāt) - from the narration, from the declaration, because of the explanation

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ākhyāna

ākhyāna - narration, story, declaration, explanation, exposition

From ā-khyā (to declare, tell)

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

व्यवहारः (vyavahāraḥ) - legal conduct (vyavahāra) (legal conduct, usage, transaction, practice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - conduct, usage, custom, legal procedure, transaction, business

From vi-ava-hṛ (to act, deal with)

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root vac (to speak), passive voice conjugation

Root: vac (class 2)