महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-99, verse-28

मातापित्रोः प्रजायन्ते पुत्राः साधारणाः कवे ।
तेषां पिता यथा स्वामी तथा माता न संशयः ॥२८॥

28. mātāpitroḥ prajāyante putrāḥ sādhāraṇāḥ kave ,
teṣāṁ pitā yathā svāmī tathā mātā na saṁśayaḥ.

28. mātāpitroḥ prajāyante putrāḥ sādhāraṇāḥ kave
teṣām pitā yathā svāmī tathā mātā na saṃśayaḥ

28. O sage, children are born as common (to both) mother and father. Just as the father is their master, so too is the mother; there is no doubt about this.

Words meanings summery:

• मातापित्रोः (mātāpitroḥ) - of the mother and father, of the parents

• प्रजायन्ते (prajāyante) - are born, originate, come into being

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

• साधारणाः (sādhāraṇāḥ) - shared (by both parents) (common, shared, general)

• कवे (kave) - O Vyasa (the interlocutor) (O poet, O sage)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those children (of them)

• पिता (pitā) - father

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• स्वामी (svāmī) - master, lord, owner, husband

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

• माता (mātā) - mother

• न (na) - not, no

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

Words meanings and morphology

मातापित्रोः (mātāpitroḥ) - of the mother and father, of the parents

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - mother and father (parents)

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as 'of both parents'.

प्रजायन्ते (prajāyante) - are born, originate, come into being

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of jan

Present Middle

Present 3rd person plural middle, from root jan (4th class), with upasarga 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of 'prajāyante'.

साधारणाः (sādhāraṇāḥ) - shared (by both parents) (common, shared, general)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhāraṇa

sādhāraṇa - common, shared, general, belonging to several

From 'sādhāra' (common, collective) + 'aṇa' suffix, or 'sa-' + 'ādhāraṇa'.

Note: Qualifies 'putrāḥ'.

कवे (kave) - O Vyasa (the interlocutor) (O poet, O sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kavi

kavi - poet, sage, seer, wise man

Note: Addressed to Vyasa.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those children (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'putrāḥ'.

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Subject of comparison.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

स्वामी (svāmī) - master, lord, owner, husband

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svāmin

svāmin - owner, master, lord, husband

Note: Predicate nominative for 'pitā'.

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the comparison.

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Subject of the second part of the comparison.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'asti' (is) implicitly.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

From upasarga 'sam' + root 'śī' (to lie, to doubt) + 'aya' suffix. Or 'sam' + 'śay' (to go, to doubt).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Part of the idiom 'na saṃśayaḥ' meaning 'there is no doubt'.