महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-99, verse-31

अयं शांतनवः सत्यं पालयन्सत्यविक्रमः ।
बुद्धिं न कुरुतेऽपत्ये तथा राज्यानुशासने ॥३१॥

31. ayaṁ śāṁtanavaḥ satyaṁ pālayansatyavikramaḥ ,
buddhiṁ na kurute'patye tathā rājyānuśāsane.

31. ayam śāntanavaḥ satyam pālayan satyavikramaḥ
buddhim na kurute apatye tathā rājyānuśāsane

31. This son of Shantanu (Bhishma), who truly upholds truth and possesses true valor, does not apply his mind to (having) offspring, nor similarly to the governance of the kingdom.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - Bhishma (this (one))

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu) (son of Shantanu)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, truly

• पालयन् (pālayan) - upholding (truth) (protecting, observing, maintaining)

• सत्यविक्रमः (satyavikramaḥ) - whose valor is truth, of true valor, truly brave

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - mind, intellect, intention, thought

• न (na) - not, no

• कुरुते (kurute) - applies (his mind) (he does, he makes, he places)

• अपत्ये (apatye) - in offspring, concerning children

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, so

• राज्यानुशासने (rājyānuśāsane) - in the governance of the kingdom, in the administration of the realm

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - Bhishma (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Shantanu) (son of Shantanu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Shantanu

Patronymic derivation from 'Śantanu' + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'ayam'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, truly

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real, truthful

From 'sat' (being, existence) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pālayan'.

पालयन् (pālayan) - upholding (truth) (protecting, observing, maintaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat

pālayat - protecting, observing, maintaining, governing

Present Active Participle

From root 'pāl' (to protect, to nourish, a causative of 'pa') + śatṛ suffix. (Derived from pā + ṇic + śatṛ)

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'ayam śāntanavaḥ'.

सत्यविक्रमः (satyavikramaḥ) - whose valor is truth, of true valor, truly brave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavikrama

satyavikrama - whose valor is truth, of true valor, truly brave

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vikrama)

• satya – truth, true
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, stride, power
  noun (masculine)
  From upasarga 'vi' + root 'kram' (to step, to go) + 'a' suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ayam śāntanavaḥ'.

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - mind, intellect, intention, thought

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, mind, understanding, perception

From root 'budh' (to know, to awaken) + 'ti' suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurute'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'kurute'.

कुरुते (kurute) - applies (his mind) (he does, he makes, he places)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of kṛ

Present Middle

Present 3rd person singular middle, from root kṛ (8th class).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अपत्ये (apatye) - in offspring, concerning children

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apatya

apatya - offspring, child

From 'a-' (away) + 'pat' (to fall) + 'ya' suffix. That which does not fall away (from the family).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+patya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• patya – falling, husband, lord
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'pat' (to fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Indicates the object towards which the 'buddhi' is directed.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negated clauses.

राज्यानुशासने (rājyānuśāsane) - in the governance of the kingdom, in the administration of the realm

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājyānuśāsana

rājyānuśāsana - governance of the kingdom, administration of the realm

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+anuśāsana)

• rājya – kingdom, realm, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'rāj' (to rule) + 'ya' suffix.
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• anuśāsana – governance, administration, instruction, teaching
  noun (neuter)
  From upasarga 'anu' + root 'śās' (to rule, to teach) + 'ana' suffix.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Indicates the object towards which the 'buddhi' is directed.