महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-99, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
पुनर्भरतवंशस्य हेतुं संतानवृद्धये ।
वक्ष्यामि नियतं मातस्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
punarbharatavaṁśasya hetuṁ saṁtānavṛddhaye ,
vakṣyāmi niyataṁ mātastanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca punar bharatavaṃśasya hetum saṃtānavṛddhaye
vakṣyāmi niyatam mātaḥ tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

1. Bhishma said: O mother, I will certainly tell you again the means for the propagation of the Bharata lineage. Listen to me as I recount it.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• पुनर् (punar) - again, furthermore, on the other hand

• भरतवंशस्य (bharatavaṁśasya) - of the Bharata lineage/family

• हेतुम् (hetum) - cause, reason, means

• संतानवृद्धये (saṁtānavṛddhaye) - for the increase of progeny, for the propagation of offspring

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will speak

• नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly, surely, fixed, controlled

• मातः (mātaḥ) - O mother

• तत् (tat) - that, that (thing)

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - of me speaking, from me who speaks

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

Third person singular perfect, parasmaipada. Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

पुनर् (punar) - again, furthermore, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: `punar` is the form before sandhi; it becomes `punaḥ` when not followed by a vowel or soft consonant.

भरतवंशस्य (bharatavaṁśasya) - of the Bharata lineage/family

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bharatavaṃśa

bharatavaṁśa - Bharata lineage/family

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+vaṃśa)

• bharata – Bharata (name of an ancient king, progenitor of a prominent dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – lineage, family, race, bamboo
  noun (masculine)

हेतुम् (hetum) - cause, reason, means

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, means

Root: hi (class 5)

संतानवृद्धये (saṁtānavṛddhaye) - for the increase of progeny, for the propagation of offspring

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of saṃtānavṛddhi

saṁtānavṛddhi - increase of progeny/offspring, propagation of family

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃtāna+vṛddhi)

• saṃtāna – progeny, offspring, continuation, lineage
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)
• vṛddhi – increase, growth, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will tell, I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future

First person singular future, parasmaipada. From root vac, irregular future stem vakṣya-.

Root: vac (class 2)

नियतम् (niyatam) - certainly, surely, fixed, controlled

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niyata

niyata - controlled, restrained, fixed, certain, sure

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to control) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

मातः (mātaḥ) - O mother

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

तत् (tat) - that, that (thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that (thing)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can be dative or genitive. Here, 'from me (who speaks)' implies genitive.

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - of me speaking, from me who speaks

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

nigadat - speaking, telling, recounting

Present Active Participle

From root gad (to speak) with prefix ni. Present participle (śatṛ)

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'me' (my speaking).

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

Second person singular imperative, parasmaipada

Root: śru (class 5)