महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-99, verse-45

कौसल्ये धर्मतन्त्रं यद्ब्रवीमि त्वां निबोध मे ।
भरतानां समुच्छेदो व्यक्तं मद्भाग्यसंक्षयात् ॥४५॥

45. kausalye dharmatantraṁ yadbravīmi tvāṁ nibodha me ,
bharatānāṁ samucchedo vyaktaṁ madbhāgyasaṁkṣayāt.

45. kausalye dharmatantram yat bravīmi tvām nibodha me
bharatānām samucchedaḥ vyaktam matbhāgyasaṃkṣayāt

45. O Kausalya, understand from me the principle of righteousness (dharma) that I am imparting to you: the complete destruction of the Bharatas is clearly due to the waning of my own fortune.

45. הו קַאוּסַלְיָה, שמעי ממני את דברי בעניין חוקת היושר. ברור שהשמדת בני בְּהַרַטַה קרובה, כי מזלי תם.

Words meanings summery:

• कौसल्ये (kausalye) - O Kausalya

• धर्मतन्त्रम् (dharmatantram) - system of righteousness, constitutional principle

• यत् (yat) - which

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I tell

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, learn

• मे (me) - from me, by me, to me, my

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas

• समुच्छेदः (samucchedaḥ) - complete destruction, eradication, annihilation

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, obviously, manifested

• मत्भाग्यसंक्षयात् (matbhāgyasaṁkṣayāt) - from the dwindling of my fortune

Words meanings and morphology

कौसल्ये (kausalye) - O Kausalya

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

धर्मतन्त्रम् (dharmatantram) - system of righteousness, constitutional principle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmatantra

dharmatantra - system of natural law, constitutional principle, moral system, legal system

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+tantra)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tantra – system, treatise, doctrine, principle
  noun (neuter)

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun, agreeing with `dharmatantram`.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

root 'brū' in present active 1st person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

imperative 2nd person singular, from ni + budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me, by me, to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Can also be genitive or ablative singular. Here, most suitable as dative 'to me/from me'.

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - descendant of Bharata, a king, a member of the Bharata lineage

समुच्छेदः (samucchedaḥ) - complete destruction, eradication, annihilation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samuccheda

samuccheda - complete destruction, eradication, severance

from sam-ut-chid

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: chid (class 7)

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, obviously, manifested

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifested, clear, evident, obvious

Past Passive Participle

from vi-añc

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

मत्भाग्यसंक्षयात् (matbhāgyasaṁkṣayāt) - from the dwindling of my fortune

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of matbhāgyasaṃkṣaya

matbhāgyasaṁkṣaya - dwindling of my fortune, loss of my good luck

tatpurusha compound: mat (my) + bhāgya (fortune) + saṃkṣaya (dwindling)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mat+bhāgya+saṃkṣaya)

• mat – my, mine
  pronoun
  genitive singular of 'aham'
• bhāgya – fortune, destiny, luck
  noun (neuter)
  from root bhaj
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• saṃkṣaya – diminution, destruction, waning, loss
  noun (masculine)
  from sam-kṣi
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

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