महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-99, verse-45

कौसल्ये धर्मतन्त्रं यद्ब्रवीमि त्वां निबोध मे ।
भरतानां समुच्छेदो व्यक्तं मद्भाग्यसंक्षयात् ॥४५॥

45. kausalye dharmatantraṁ yadbravīmi tvāṁ nibodha me ,
bharatānāṁ samucchedo vyaktaṁ madbhāgyasaṁkṣayāt.

45. kausalye dharmatantram yat bravīmi tvām nibodha me
bharatānām samucchedaḥ vyaktam matbhāgyasaṃkṣayāt

45. O Kausalya, understand from me the principle of righteousness (dharma) that I am imparting to you: the complete destruction of the Bharatas is clearly due to the waning of my own fortune.

Words meanings summery:

• कौसल्ये (kausalye) - O Kausalya

• धर्मतन्त्रम् (dharmatantram) - system of righteousness, constitutional principle

• यत् (yat) - which

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I tell

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, learn

• मे (me) - from me, by me, to me, my

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas

• समुच्छेदः (samucchedaḥ) - complete destruction, eradication, annihilation

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, obviously, manifested

• मत्भाग्यसंक्षयात् (matbhāgyasaṁkṣayāt) - from the dwindling of my fortune

Words meanings and morphology

कौसल्ये (kausalye) - O Kausalya

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

धर्मतन्त्रम् (dharmatantram) - system of righteousness, constitutional principle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmatantra

dharmatantra - system of natural law, constitutional principle, moral system, legal system

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+tantra)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tantra – system, treatise, doctrine, principle
  noun (neuter)

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun, agreeing with `dharmatantram`.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

root 'brū' in present active 1st person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, perceive, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

imperative 2nd person singular, from ni + budh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me, by me, to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Can also be genitive or ablative singular. Here, most suitable as dative 'to me/from me'.

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the Bharatas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - descendant of Bharata, a king, a member of the Bharata lineage

समुच्छेदः (samucchedaḥ) - complete destruction, eradication, annihilation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samuccheda

samuccheda - complete destruction, eradication, severance

from sam-ut-chid

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: chid (class 7)

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clearly, obviously, manifested

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifested, clear, evident, obvious

Past Passive Participle

from vi-añc

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

मत्भाग्यसंक्षयात् (matbhāgyasaṁkṣayāt) - from the dwindling of my fortune

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of matbhāgyasaṃkṣaya

matbhāgyasaṁkṣaya - dwindling of my fortune, loss of my good luck

tatpurusha compound: mat (my) + bhāgya (fortune) + saṃkṣaya (dwindling)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mat+bhāgya+saṃkṣaya)

• mat – my, mine
  pronoun
  genitive singular of 'aham'
• bhāgya – fortune, destiny, luck
  noun (neuter)
  from root bhaj
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• saṃkṣaya – diminution, destruction, waning, loss
  noun (masculine)
  from sam-kṣi
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṣi (class 1)