योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-45, verse-40

अतज्ज्ञायैव विषयाः स्वदन्ते न तु तद्विदः ।
न हि पीतामृतायान्तः स्वदते कटु काञ्जिकम् ॥ ४० ॥

atajjñāyaiva viṣayāḥ svadante na tu tadvidaḥ ,
na hi pītāmṛtāyāntaḥ svadate kaṭu kāñjikam 40

40. atajjñāya eva viṣayāḥ svadante na tu tadvidaḥ
na hi pītāmṛtāya antaḥ svadate kaṭu kāñjikam

40. viṣayāḥ atajjñāya eva svadante,
tu tadvidaḥ na (svadante).
hi pītāmṛtāya antaḥ kaṭu kāñjikam na svadate.

40. Objects of sense (viṣaya) are indeed appealing only to one who does not understand reality, but not to one who does. For, indeed, sour gruel (kāñjika) does not taste good to one who has drunk nectar (amṛta).

Words meanings summery:

• अतज्ज्ञाय (atajjñāya) - to one who does not know that (reality)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• विषयाः (viṣayāḥ) - objects of sense (viṣaya) (objects of sense, sense-objects, worldly things)

• स्वदन्ते (svadante) - they are pleasing, they taste good

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• तद्विदः (tadvidaḥ) - to one who knows reality (tadvid) (of one who knows that (reality))

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• पीतामृताय (pītāmṛtāya) - to one who has drunk nectar (amṛta) (to one who has drunk nectar)

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside, internally, in the heart

• स्वदते (svadate) - is pleasing, tastes good

• कटु (kaṭu) - bitter, pungent, harsh

• काञ्जिकम् (kāñjikam) - sour gruel (kāñjika) (sour gruel, vinegar)

Words meanings and morphology

अतज्ज्ञाय (atajjñāya) - to one who does not know that (reality)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of atajjña

atajjña - one who does not know that, ignorant of reality

Compound of 'a' (not), 'tat' (that), and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tat+jña)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tad – that, reality
  pronoun/noun (neuter)
  Demonstrative pronoun used as a noun.
• jña – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know) + 'ka'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Recipient of the action of 'svadante'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'atajjñāya'.

विषयाः (viṣayāḥ) - objects of sense (viṣaya) (objects of sense, sense-objects, worldly things)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, subject, sphere, domain

From 'vi' + root 'si' (to lie) + 'a'.

Prefix: vi

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'svadante'.

स्वदन्ते (svadante) - they are pleasing, they taste good

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of svad

Present middle indicative

Root 'svad' (to taste, relish), 3rd person plural middle present.

Root: svad (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'viṣayāḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'svadante'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects contrasting ideas.

तद्विदः (tadvidaḥ) - to one who knows reality (tadvid) (of one who knows that (reality))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tadvid

tadvid - one who knows that, knower of reality

Compound of 'tat' (that) and 'vid' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+vid)

• tad – that, reality
  pronoun/noun (neuter)
  Demonstrative pronoun used as a noun.
• vid – knower, wise person
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vid' (to know) + 'kvip'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used in a dative sense in context.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the implied verb 'svadante'.

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

Causal/emphatic particle.

Note: Introduces the illustrative example.

पीतामृताय (pītāmṛtāya) - to one who has drunk nectar (amṛta) (to one who has drunk nectar)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of pītāmṛta

pītāmṛta - one who has drunk nectar

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'pīta' (drunk) and 'amṛta' (nectar).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pīta+amṛta)

• pīta – drunk, imbibed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pā' (to drink) + 'kta'.
  Root: pā (class 1)
• amṛta – nectar, immortality, deathless
  noun (neuter)
  From 'a' (not) + 'mṛta' (dead).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Recipient of the action of 'svadate'.

अन्तः (antaḥ) - inside, internally, in the heart

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

Note: Adverb modifying 'svadate'.

स्वदते (svadate) - is pleasing, tastes good

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of svad

Present middle indicative

Root 'svad' (to taste, relish), 3rd person singular middle present.

Root: svad (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'kāñjikam'.

कटु (kaṭu) - bitter, pungent, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṭu

kaṭu - bitter, pungent, sharp, harsh

Note: Qualifies 'kāñjikam'.

काञ्जिकम् (kāñjikam) - sour gruel (kāñjika) (sour gruel, vinegar)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāñjika

kāñjika - sour gruel, rice gruel, vinegar

From 'kañji' (rice water) + 'ka'.

Note: Subject of 'svadate'.