योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-150, verse-8

कथमेष महान्स्वप्नपुरुषः स मुनीश्वर ।
जाग्रत्यपि स्थिरीभूतो भूतो बालमतेरिव ॥ ८ ॥

kathameṣa mahānsvapnapuruṣaḥ sa munīśvara ,
jāgratyapi sthirībhūto bhūto bālamateriva 8

8. katham eṣaḥ mahān svapnapurūṣaḥ saḥ munīśvara
jāgrati api sthirībhūtaḥ bhūtaḥ bālamateḥ iva

8. munīśvara katham eṣaḥ saḥ mahān svapnapurūṣaḥ
jāgrati api sthirībhūtaḥ bhūtaḥ bālamateḥ iva?

8. O lord of sages, how has this great dream-person (puruṣa), that one, become so firmly established even in the waking state, appearing as real as if to a childish mind?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, important

• स्वप्नपुरूषः (svapnapurūṣaḥ) - dream-person (puruṣa) (dream-person, dream-being)

• सः (saḥ) - that, that one

• मुनीश्वर (munīśvara) - O lord of sages!

• जाग्रति (jāgrati) - in the waking state, while awake

• अपि (api) - even, also

• स्थिरीभूतः (sthirībhūtaḥ) - become firm, stabilized, established

• भूतः (bhūtaḥ) - appearing as real (become real, actual, a being, appeared)

• बालमतेः (bālamateḥ) - to a childish mind (of a childish mind, for a childish intellect)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he

Note: Refers to the 'svapnapurūṣaḥ'.

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, important

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Qualifies 'svapnapurūṣaḥ'.

स्वप्नपुरूषः (svapnapurūṣaḥ) - dream-person (puruṣa) (dream-person, dream-being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svapnapurūṣa

svapnapurūṣa - a person in a dream, dream-being

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (svapna+purūṣa)

• svapna – dream, sleep
  noun (masculine)
• purūṣa – person, male, human being, the Cosmic Man (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the question.

सः (saḥ) - that, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, often used emphatically or to refer back to a previously mentioned noun.

मुनीश्वर (munīśvara) - O lord of sages!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of munīśvara

munīśvara - lord of sages, chief ascetic

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (muni+īśvara)

• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller, supreme being
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the sage.

जाग्रति (jāgrati) - in the waking state, while awake

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of jāgrat

jāgrat - waking, awake, being awake

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √jāgṛ ('to wake, be awake').

Root: jāgṛ

Note: Used substantively to denote 'in the waking state'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

स्थिरीभूतः (sthirībhūtaḥ) - become firm, stabilized, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthirībhūta

sthirībhūta - become firm, established, stabilized, fixed

Compound formed from 'sthirī' (adverbial stem of sthira 'firm') and 'bhūta' (past passive participle of √bhū 'to become').

Compound type : Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (compound adverbial participle) (sthirī+bhūta)

• sthirī – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Derived from the adjective 'sthira', used adverbially in compounds to mean 'to make/become firm'.
• bhūta – become, happened, appeared, actual
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √bhū ('to be, become').
  Root: bhū

Note: Predicate adjective describing 'svapnapurūṣaḥ'.

भूतः (bhūtaḥ) - appearing as real (become real, actual, a being, appeared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūta

bhūta - become, appeared, actual, real, a being, past, an element

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √bhū ('to be, become').

Root: bhū

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective, emphasizing the reality or tangibility of the dream-person.

बालमतेः (bālamateḥ) - to a childish mind (of a childish mind, for a childish intellect)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bālamati

bālamati - childish mind, childish intellect, immature understanding

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bāla+mati)

• bāla – child, young, foolish, immature
  noun (masculine)
• mati – mind, thought, intellect, opinion (mati)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: man

Note: Genitive of comparison, indicating 'like to a childish mind'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)