योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-150, verse-52

व्याध उवाच ।
तत्र तस्याग्निदाहस्य हेतुः कः प्राकृतो मुने ।
तद्वनं ते बटुवराः सर्वं नष्टं कथं सह ॥ ५२ ॥

vyādha uvāca ,
tatra tasyāgnidāhasya hetuḥ kaḥ prākṛto mune ,
tadvanaṃ te baṭuvarāḥ sarvaṃ naṣṭaṃ kathaṃ saha 52

52. vyādhaḥ uvāca tatra tasya agnidāhasya hetuḥ kaḥ prākṛtaḥ
mune tat vanam te baṭuvarāḥ sarvam naṣṭam katham saha

52. vyādhaḥ uvāca mune tatra tasya agnidāhasya kaḥ prākṛtaḥ
hetuḥ ca baṭuvarāḥ te tat vanam sarvam katham saha naṣṭam

52. The hunter said: "O sage (muni), what was the natural cause of that conflagration there? And O best of disciples (baṭuvara), how was your entire forest destroyed so completely?"

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत्र (tatra) - regarding that (fire/event) (there, in that matter)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (fire/conflagration) (of that)

• अग्निदाहस्य (agnidāhasya) - of the fire's burning, of the conflagration

• हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause, reason

• कः (kaḥ) - what (was the cause) (who, what)

• प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - natural, ordinary, common

• मुने (mune) - addressing the sage (muni) (O sage)

• तत् (tat) - that (forest) (that)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• ते (te) - your (referring to the sage's or the disciples' forest) (your (singular or plural))

• बटुवराः (baṭuvarāḥ) - addressing the disciples of the sage (O best of disciples, O excellent young brahmins)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - entirely, completely (destroyed) (all, entire, completely)

• नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - destroyed, lost, perished

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• सह (saha) - so completely/simultaneously (destroyed) (with, together, simultaneously)

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (class 2) conjugated in Perfect Active, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तत्र (tatra) - regarding that (fire/event) (there, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (fire/conflagration) (of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'agnidāhasya'.

अग्निदाहस्य (agnidāhasya) - of the fire's burning, of the conflagration

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of agnidāha

agnidāha - conflagration, fire-burning, setting on fire

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+dāha)

• agni – fire, god of fire (Agni)
  noun (masculine)
• dāha – burning, conflagration, combustion
  noun (masculine)
  From root dah- 'to burn'
  Root: dah (class 1)

हेतुः (hetuḥ) - cause, reason

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, condition

Note: Predicate nominative for 'kaḥ'.

कः (kaḥ) - what (was the cause) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - natural, ordinary, common

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prākṛta

prākṛta - natural, original, ordinary, common

Derived from prakṛti (nature) with suffix -a

Note: Adjective of 'hetuḥ'.

मुने (mune) - addressing the sage (muni) (O sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

Note: Addressed to the sage.

तत् (tat) - that (forest) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective of 'vanam'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Subject of 'naṣṭam'.

ते (te) - your (referring to the sage's or the disciples' forest) (your (singular or plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive adjective for 'vanam'.

बटुवराः (baṭuvarāḥ) - addressing the disciples of the sage (O best of disciples, O excellent young brahmins)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of baṭuvara

baṭuvara - best of disciples, excellent young brahmin/student

Compound type : tatpurusha (baṭu+vara)

• baṭu – boy, student, young brahmin, disciple
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, choicest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the disciples.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - entirely, completely (destroyed) (all, entire, completely)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Adjective for 'vanam', also functions adverbially 'entirely'.

नष्टम् (naṣṭam) - destroyed, lost, perished

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - destroyed, lost, perished, vanished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root naś- 'to perish, be lost'

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vanam'.

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

सह (saha) - so completely/simultaneously (destroyed) (with, together, simultaneously)

(indeclinable)