योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-53, verse-23

तदुद्योगं विदुर्ज्ञानं योगं च कृतबुद्धयः ।
ब्रह्म सर्वं जगदहं चेति ब्रह्मार्पणं विदुः ॥ २३ ॥

tadudyogaṃ vidurjñānaṃ yogaṃ ca kṛtabuddhayaḥ ,
brahma sarvaṃ jagadahaṃ ceti brahmārpaṇaṃ viduḥ 23

23. tat-udyogam viduḥ jñānam yogam ca kṛta-buddhayaḥ
brahman sarvam jagat aham ca iti brahma-arpaṇam viduḥ

23. kṛta-buddhayaḥ tat-udyogam jñānam ca yogam viduḥ
brahman sarvam jagat aham ca iti brahma-arpaṇam viduḥ

23. Those whose intellects are perfected consider that endeavor to be both knowledge (jñāna) and (yoga). Furthermore, they know that the offering to Brahman (brahman) is the realization that 'Brahman (brahman) is everything – the universe, and I.'

Words meanings summery:

• तत्-उद्योगम् (tat-udyogam) - Refers to the spiritual endeavor (udyoga) described in the previous verse, the process of realizing Brahman (brahman). (that endeavor, that effort)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - The wise (kṛta-buddhayaḥ) consider or understand. (they know, they understand)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - The Lord states that the described endeavor is considered knowledge (jñāna). (knowledge)

• योगम् (yogam) - The Lord states that the described endeavor is also considered yoga (yoga). (yoga, union, spiritual discipline)

• च (ca) - Connects 'jñānam' and 'yogam'. (and)

• कृत-बुद्धयः (kṛta-buddhayaḥ) - Refers to enlightened individuals, the subject of the verb 'viduḥ'. (those whose intellects are perfected, the wise)

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - The ultimate reality that is equated with 'all', 'the universe', and 'I' in the realization of 'brahma-arpaṇam'. (Brahman, the Absolute)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - Refers to everything, including the universe and the speaker, being identified with Brahman (brahman). (all, every, entire)

• जगत् (jagat) - Referring to the entire cosmos, identified with Brahman (brahman). (the universe, the world, moving)

• अहम् (aham) - The individual self is also identified with Brahman (brahman). (I, myself)

• च (ca) - Connects 'jagat' and 'aham' within the realization statement. (and)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of the direct statement 'Brahman is all, the universe, and I'. (thus, so, in this way; (introduces or closes a direct quote))

• ब्रह्म-अर्पणम् (brahma-arpaṇam) - Refers to the 'offering to Brahman' (brahman) mentioned by Arjuna, now defined as the realization of unity with the Absolute. (offering to Brahman)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - The wise (kṛta-buddhayaḥ) know this to be the nature of offering to Brahman (brahman). (they know, they understand)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्-उद्योगम् (tat-udyogam) - Refers to the spiritual endeavor (udyoga) described in the previous verse, the process of realizing Brahman (brahman). (that endeavor, that effort)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tat-udyoga

tat-udyoga - that endeavor, that effort

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+udyoga)

• tad – that, this (demonstrative pronoun)
  pronoun (neuter)
• udyoga – effort, endeavor, exertion, industry
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'yuj' (to join) with 'ud' prefix + 'ghañ' suffix
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yuj (class 7)

विदुः (viduḥ) - The wise (kṛta-buddhayaḥ) consider or understand. (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

Root 'vid' (2nd class), present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (parasmaipada). Irregular form.

Root: vid (class 2)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - The Lord states that the described endeavor is considered knowledge (jñāna). (knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, awareness

From root 'jñā' (to know) + 'anaṭ' suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

योगम् (yogam) - The Lord states that the described endeavor is also considered yoga (yoga). (yoga, union, spiritual discipline)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, conjunction, spiritual discipline, effort, practice

From root 'yuj' (to join) + 'ghañ' suffix

Root: yuj (class 7)

च (ca) - Connects 'jñānam' and 'yogam'. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Enclitic conjunction.

कृत-बुद्धयः (kṛta-buddhayaḥ) - Refers to enlightened individuals, the subject of the verb 'viduḥ'. (those whose intellects are perfected, the wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛta-buddhi

kṛta-buddhi - whose intellect is perfected, resolved, wise

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+buddhi)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, perfected
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'kta' suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'budh' (to know) + 'ktin' suffix
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Used as a substantive.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - The ultimate reality that is equated with 'all', 'the universe', and 'I' in the realization of 'brahma-arpaṇam'. (Brahman, the Absolute)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman, the Absolute, the ultimate reality, sacred word

सर्वम् (sarvam) - Refers to everything, including the universe and the speaker, being identified with Brahman (brahman). (all, every, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Can be used as an adjective.

जगत् (jagat) - Referring to the entire cosmos, identified with Brahman (brahman). (the universe, the world, moving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - the universe, the world; moving, living

Present active participle of root 'gam' (to go) with 'ja' reduplication (from 'gacchat')

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often means 'that which moves' hence 'the world'.

अहम् (aham) - The individual self is also identified with Brahman (brahman). (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

च (ca) - Connects 'jagat' and 'aham' within the realization statement. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Enclitic conjunction.

इति (iti) - Marks the end of the direct statement 'Brahman is all, the universe, and I'. (thus, so, in this way; (introduces or closes a direct quote))

(indeclinable)

ब्रह्म-अर्पणम् (brahma-arpaṇam) - Refers to the 'offering to Brahman' (brahman) mentioned by Arjuna, now defined as the realization of unity with the Absolute. (offering to Brahman)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahma-arpaṇa

brahma-arpaṇa - offering to Brahman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+arpaṇa)

• brahman – Brahman, the Absolute, the ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
• arpaṇa – offering, dedicating, entrusting
  noun (neuter)
  From 'ṛ' (to go) + 'ni' (cause) + 'lyuṭ'
  Prefix: anu
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Sandhi 'a' + 'a' -> 'ā'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - The wise (kṛta-buddhayaḥ) know this to be the nature of offering to Brahman (brahman). (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

Root 'vid' (2nd class), present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice (parasmaipada). Irregular form.

Root: vid (class 2)