योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-38, verse-1

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
एवमत्याकुले युद्धे सास्फोटभयसंकुले ।
आदित्ये तमसा वृद्धे चटत्कठिनकङ्कटे ॥ १ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
evamatyākule yuddhe sāsphoṭabhayasaṃkule ,
āditye tamasā vṛddhe caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭe 1

1. śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca evam atyākule yuddhe sāsphoṭabhayasaṃkule
āditye tamasā vṛddhe caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭe

1. śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ uvāca evam atyākule sāsphoṭabhayasaṃkule
caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭe yuddhe āditye tamasā vṛddhe

1. Sri Vasishtha spoke: In this extremely turbulent battle, which was filled with the fear of explosions and the cracking of hard armor, as the sun became greatly covered by darkness—

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीवसिष्ठः (śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ) - Sri Vasishtha

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• अत्याकुले (atyākule) - extremely turbulent, greatly disturbed

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle

• सास्फोटभयसंकुले (sāsphoṭabhayasaṁkule) - crowded with fear of explosions/cracks

• आदित्ये (āditye) - when the sun

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• वृद्धे (vṛddhe) - increased, overcome, covered

• चटत्कठिनकङ्कटे (caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭe) - with cracking hard armor

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीवसिष्ठः (śrīvasiṣṭhaḥ) - Sri Vasishtha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīvasiṣṭha

śrīvasiṣṭha - Sri Vasishtha (a revered sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active third singular

reduplicated perfect form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

अत्याकुले (atyākule) - extremely turbulent, greatly disturbed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of atyākula

atyākula - very agitated, greatly disturbed, extremely turbulent

compound of ati (prefix) and ākula

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+ākula)

• ati – over, beyond, very, excessively
  indeclinable
• ākula – agitated, confused, perplexed, crowded
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

Note: Modifies 'yuddhe'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

from root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

सास्फोटभयसंकुले (sāsphoṭabhayasaṁkule) - crowded with fear of explosions/cracks

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sāsphoṭabhayasaṃkula

sāsphoṭabhayasaṁkula - filled with confusion/fear from explosions/cracks

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+āsphoṭa+bhaya+saṃkula)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• āsphoṭa – explosion, cracking, bursting
  noun (masculine)
  from root sphuṭ with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sphuṭ (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, terror
  noun (neuter)
• saṃkula – confused, crowded, filled with
  adjective (masculine)
  from root kul with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yuddhe'.

आदित्ये (āditye) - when the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

वृद्धे (vṛddhe) - increased, overcome, covered

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - grown, increased, aged, large, overcome

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'āditye'.

चटत्कठिनकङ्कटे (caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭe) - with cracking hard armor

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭa

caṭatkaṭhinakaṅkaṭa - cracking hard armor

compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (caṭat+kaṭhina+kaṅkaṭa)

• caṭat – cracking, snapping, breaking
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  from root caṭ
  Root: caṭ (class 1)
• kaṭhina – hard, firm, cruel
  adjective (neuter)
• kaṅkaṭa – armor, mail, cuirass
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'yuddhe'.