योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-107, verse-28

नीता रणितदन्तेन सार्धं विपिनवानरैः ।
रोमभिः कोटिमुद्रोद्यैः शीतेनाध्युषितस्य मे ॥ २८ ॥

nītā raṇitadantena sārdhaṃ vipinavānaraiḥ ,
romabhiḥ koṭimudrodyaiḥ śītenādhyuṣitasya me 28

28. nītā raṇitadantena sārdhaṃ vipinavānaraiḥ
romabhiḥ koṭimudrodyaiḥ śītena adhyuṣitasya me

28. (niśāḥ) śītena adhyuṣitasya me raṇitadantena koṭimudrodyaiḥ
romabhiḥ (sahitaḥ) vipinavānaraiḥ sārdhaṃ nītā (āsan)

28. Overcome by cold, with chattering teeth and hairs standing erect like countless bristles, I spent those nights together with forest monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• नीता (nītā) - were spent (referring to the nights) (passed, spent, led, carried)

• रणितदन्तेन (raṇitadantena) - with chattering teeth (due to the cold) (with chattering teeth, with noisy teeth)

• सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - together with (together with, along with)

• विपिनवानरैः (vipinavānaraiḥ) - with forest monkeys (as companions in the desolate place) (with forest monkeys, with wild monkeys)

• रोमभिः (romabhiḥ) - with the hairs on my body (with hairs, with body hair)

• कोटिमुद्रोद्यैः (koṭimudrodyaiḥ) - with hairs standing erect like countless bristles (due to cold and/or fear) (with hairs standing erect like countless bristles, with bristles standing up)

• शीतेन (śītena) - by the cold (weather) (by cold, by chill)

• अध्युषितस्य (adhyuṣitasya) - of one who was overcome (by cold) (of one who was overcome, of one who resided in, of one who was afflicted)

• मे (me) - of me (the speaker) (of me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

नीता (nītā) - were spent (referring to the nights) (passed, spent, led, carried)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nīta

nīta - led, carried, obtained, passed, spent

Past Passive Participle

From √nī (to lead, carry, guide), here used to mean 'passed' for time, agreeing with 'niśāḥ' (nights).

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'niśāḥ' from the previous verse.

रणितदन्तेन (raṇitadantena) - with chattering teeth (due to the cold) (with chattering teeth, with noisy teeth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of raṇitadanta

raṇitadanta - chattering teeth

A descriptive compound of 'raṇita' (chattered/sounded) and 'danta' (tooth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (raṇita+danta)

• raṇita – sounded, clanged, chattered
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √raṇ (to sound, to clang, to rattle).
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• danta – tooth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied agent 'mayā' (me), describing him.

सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - together with (together with, along with)

(indeclinable)

विपिनवानरैः (vipinavānaraiḥ) - with forest monkeys (as companions in the desolate place) (with forest monkeys, with wild monkeys)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vipinavānara

vipinavānara - forest monkey, wild monkey

A tatpurusha compound of 'vipina' (forest) and 'vānara' (monkey).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vipina+vānara)

• vipina – forest, wilderness, thicket
  noun (neuter)
• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)

Note: Governed by `sārdhaṃ`.

रोमभिः (romabhiḥ) - with the hairs on my body (with hairs, with body hair)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of roman

roman - hair, body hair, bristles

Note: Describes a physical condition of the speaker.

कोटिमुद्रोद्यैः (koṭimudrodyaiḥ) - with hairs standing erect like countless bristles (due to cold and/or fear) (with hairs standing erect like countless bristles, with bristles standing up)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of koṭimudrodya

koṭimudrodya - bristles standing erect (like countless points/tips), hairs standing on end

A descriptive compound: 'koṭi' (tip, point, myriad), 'mudra' (mark, form, a kind of posture), 'udya' (rising, standing up). Implies countless or sharp points like bristles.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (koṭi+mudra+udya)

• koṭi – tip, point, myriad, ten million
  noun (feminine)
• mudra – seal, stamp, mark, form, posture, gesture
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• udya – rising, standing up, being produced
  adjective
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (used adjectivally)
  From the root √i (to go) with upasarga 'ud' (upwards).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'romabhiḥ'.

शीतेन (śītena) - by the cold (weather) (by cold, by chill)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, chill, cool

Note: Indicates the agent causing the state of being overcome (adhuyṣita).

अध्युषितस्य (adhyuṣitasya) - of one who was overcome (by cold) (of one who was overcome, of one who resided in, of one who was afflicted)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhyuṣita

adhyuṣita - dwelt, resided, occupied, overcome, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

From √vas (to dwell, inhabit) with upasarga 'adhi' (over, upon). Can imply being completely enveloped or overcome by something.

Prefix: adhi

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'me' (genitive case).

मे (me) - of me (the speaker) (of me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of the first-person pronoun.

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