योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-107, verse-27

पुत्रदाराः कदन्नेन ग्रामकान्धोचितेन च ।
धारासाररणत्पत्रशुष्कतालतले निशाः ॥ २७ ॥

putradārāḥ kadannena grāmakāndhocitena ca ,
dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatale niśāḥ 27

27. putradārāḥ kadannena grāmakāndhocinena ca
dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatale niśāḥ

27. putradārāḥ kadannena grāmakāndhocinena ca
dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatale niśāḥ (āsīt)

27. My sons and wives subsisted on meager food, fit for a blind villager. The nights passed under a dry palm tree, its leaves rattling from the heavy rain.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रदाराः (putradārāḥ) - my sons and wives (who subsisted) (sons and wives, family)

• कदन्नेन (kadannena) - with meager food (implying poor quality and insufficient quantity) (with bad food, with unwholesome food, with meager food)

• ग्रामकान्धोचिनेन (grāmakāndhocinena) - suitable for a blind villager (implying extremely poor quality, not fit for normal people) (suitable for a blind villager, appropriate for a poor and blind person from a village)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• धारासाररणत्पत्रशुष्कतालतले (dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatale) - at the base of a dry palm tree whose leaves rattled from the heavy rain (at the base of a dry palm tree with leaves rattling from a heavy rain, in the shelter of such a tree)

• निशाः (niśāḥ) - the nights (that were spent) (nights)

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रदाराः (putradārāḥ) - my sons and wives (who subsisted) (sons and wives, family)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putradāra

putradāra - sons and wives, family

Compound type : dvandva (putra+dāra)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife (often plural, but used singularly), spouse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implies the presence and condition of the speaker's family during the hardships, likely as the implicit subject of a verb like 'lived' or 'subsisted'.

कदन्नेन (kadannena) - with meager food (implying poor quality and insufficient quantity) (with bad food, with unwholesome food, with meager food)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kadanna

kadanna - bad food, poor food, unwholesome food

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kad+anna)

• kad – bad, evil, little (pejorative prefix)
  indeclinable
• anna – food, cooked rice, grain
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root 'ad' (to eat).
  Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Describes the means of subsistence for the family.

ग्रामकान्धोचिनेन (grāmakāndhocinena) - suitable for a blind villager (implying extremely poor quality, not fit for normal people) (suitable for a blind villager, appropriate for a poor and blind person from a village)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of grāmakāndhocita

grāmakāndhocita - suitable for a blind villager

A descriptive compound of 'grāmaka' (villager, often pejorative), 'andha' (blind), and 'ucita' (suitable).

Compound type : tatpurusha (grāmaka+andha+ucita)

• grāmaka – villager (often derogatory), rustic
  noun (masculine)
• andha – blind
  adjective
• ucita – suitable, proper, fit, customary
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √vac (to speak), literally 'what is spoken of as fit/proper'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `kadannena` in gender, number, and case.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

धारासाररणत्पत्रशुष्कतालतले (dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatale) - at the base of a dry palm tree whose leaves rattled from the heavy rain (at the base of a dry palm tree with leaves rattling from a heavy rain, in the shelter of such a tree)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatala

dhārāsāraraṇatpatraśuṣkatālatala - base of a dry palm tree with leaves rattling from a heavy rain

A long descriptive compound (tatpurusha variant) detailing the location. 'dhārāsāra' (torrential rain), 'raṇat' (rattling), 'patra' (leaves), 'śuṣka' (dry), 'tāla' (palm tree), 'tala' (base).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhārāsāra+raṇat+patra+śuṣka+tāla+tala)

• dhārāsāra – torrent of rain, heavy downpour
  noun (masculine)
• raṇat – rattling, clanging, sounding
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From √raṇ (to sound, to clang, to rattle).
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• patra – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• śuṣka – dry, withered, parched
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śuṣ (to dry).
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• tāla – palm tree (especially Borassus flabellifer)
  noun (masculine)
• tala – base, bottom, surface, sole
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the location where the nights were spent.

निशाः (niśāḥ) - the nights (that were spent) (nights)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of niśā

niśā - night

Note: The grammatical subject of the verb `nītā` in the following verse, describing the duration of the hardship.