योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-18, verse-39

मरणावसरे काया जीवं नानुसरन्ति ये ।
तेषु तात कृतघ्नेषु कैवास्था वद धीमताम् ॥ ३९ ॥

maraṇāvasare kāyā jīvaṃ nānusaranti ye ,
teṣu tāta kṛtaghneṣu kaivāsthā vada dhīmatām 39

39. maraṇāvasare kāyāḥ jīvam na anusaranti ye teṣu
tāta kṛtaghneṣu kā eva āsthā vada dhīmatām

39. My dear (tāta), tell me, what confidence can the wise place in these ungrateful bodies, which do not accompany the living being (jīva) at the time of death?

Words meanings summery:

• मरणावसरे (maraṇāvasare) - at the time of death, at death's occasion

• कायाः (kāyāḥ) - bodies

• जीवम् (jīvam) - the living being, the soul

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुसरन्ति (anusaranti) - they follow, they accompany

• ये (ye) - which (ones)

• तेषु (teṣu) - in them

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, O child, O father (term of endearment)

• कृतघ्नेषु (kṛtaghneṣu) - in these ungrateful bodies (in the ungrateful ones)

• का (kā) - what?, which?

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• आस्था (āsthā) - faith, trust, confidence, regard

• वद (vada) - tell, speak

• धीमताम् (dhīmatām) - of the wise ones, of intelligent people

Words meanings and morphology

मरणावसरे (maraṇāvasare) - at the time of death, at death's occasion

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of maraṇāvasara

maraṇāvasara - occasion of death, time of dying, deathbed

Compound type : tatpurusha (maraṇa+avasara)

• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'mṛ' (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• avasara – occasion, opportunity, time
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'ava' + root 'sṛ' (to go).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

कायाः (kāyāḥ) - bodies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāya

kāya - body, collection of elements, aggregate

Note: The form 'kāyā' is also a valid nominative plural for 'kāya'.

जीवम् (jīvam) - the living being, the soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living being, soul, life principle, individual soul

From root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुसरन्ति (anusaranti) - they follow, they accompany

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of anusṛ

Present Active Indicative

Third person plural present active indicative from root 'sṛ' with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: sṛ (class 1)

ये (ye) - which (ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

तेषु (teṣu) - in them

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

तात (tāta) - O dear one, O child, O father (term of endearment)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear father, dear son, child, dear one

कृतघ्नेषु (kṛtaghneṣu) - in these ungrateful bodies (in the ungrateful ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, unthankful, one who destroys good deeds

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, made, performed; a good deed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – killer, destroyer, slaying
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the bodies.

का (kā) - what?, which?

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?

Note: Agrees with 'āsthā'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

आस्था (āsthā) - faith, trust, confidence, regard

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āsthā

āsthā - faith, trust, confidence, regard, reliance

From prefix 'ā' + root 'sthā' (to stand, remain).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

वद (vada) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative Active

Second person singular imperative from root 'vad'.

Root: vad (class 1)

धीमताम् (dhīmatām) - of the wise ones, of intelligent people

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dhīmat

dhīmat - wise, intelligent, clever, sagacious

Possessive adjective from 'dhī' (intellect, thought) with 'mat' suffix (having).