वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-6, verse-31

देवानां भयभीतानां हरिणा राक्षसर्षभौ ।
प्रतिज्ञातो वधो ऽस्माकं तच्चिन्तयथ यत् क्षमम् ॥३१॥

31. devānāṃ bhayabhītānāṃ hariṇā rākṣasarṣabhau ,
pratijñāto vadho'smākaṃ taccintayatha yat kṣamam.

31. devānām bhayabhītānām hariṇā rākṣasa ṛṣabhau
pratijñātaḥ vadhaḥ asmākam tat cintayatha yat kṣamam

31. rākṣasa ṛṣabhau! devānām bhayabhītānām asmākam vadhaḥ hariṇā pratijñātaḥ.
tat yat kṣamam (tat) cintayatha.

31. O two foremost among the rākṣasas (demons)! The destruction of us has been promised by Hari to the gods, who are filled with fear. Therefore, you two should consider what is appropriate.

Words meanings summery:

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• भयभीतानाम् (bhayabhītānām) - of the gods, who are terrified (of those terrified by fear, of the fearful ones)

• हरिणा (hariṇā) - by Hari (Viṣṇu)

• राक्षस (rākṣasa) - the first part of a vocative compound addressing two prominent rākṣasas (demon, rākṣasa)

• ऋषभौ (ṛṣabhau) - vocative dual, meaning 'O two foremost ones' (O two bulls! O two best!)

• प्रतिज्ञातः (pratijñātaḥ) - the destruction that has been pledged (promised, declared, resolved)

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - the killing of the rākṣasas (killing, slaughter, destruction)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of the rākṣasas being addressed (of us)

• तत् (tat) - referring to the promised destruction; used here as 'therefore' (that, therefore)

• चिन्तयथ (cintayatha) - you two should consider (consider, reflect)

• यत् (yat) - that which is proper (which, what)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit

Words meanings and morphology

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Note: Possessive, referring to the fear of the gods.

भयभीतानाम् (bhayabhītānām) - of the gods, who are terrified (of those terrified by fear, of the fearful ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhayabhīta

bhayabhīta - terrified by fear

Tatpuruṣa compound: bhaya (fear) + bhīta (frightened, PPP from √bhī)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+bhīta)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• bhīta – frightened, scared
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √bhī 'to fear'
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'devānām'.

हरिणा (hariṇā) - by Hari (Viṣṇu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hari

hari - Hari (Viṣṇu, Kṛṣṇa), lion, tawny

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pratijñātaḥ'.

राक्षस (rākṣasa) - the first part of a vocative compound addressing two prominent rākṣasas (demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa (a type of malevolent being)

Note: First part of the vocative dual compound 'rākṣasarṣabhau'.

ऋषभौ (ṛṣabhau) - vocative dual, meaning 'O two foremost ones' (O two bulls! O two best!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, dual of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull, chief, best, excellent

Note: Forms the vocative dual compound 'rākṣasarṣabhau' with 'rākṣasa'.

प्रतिज्ञातः (pratijñātaḥ) - the destruction that has been pledged (promised, declared, resolved)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prati-jñā

jñā - to know

Past Passive Participle

from root √jñā with prefix 'prati'. With 'prati', it means 'to promise, to declare, to undertake'.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicate for 'vadhaḥ'.

वधः (vadhaḥ) - the killing of the rākṣasas (killing, slaughter, destruction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaughter, destruction

From root √vadh 'to strike, kill'

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of the rākṣasas being addressed (of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Refers to the rākṣasas being addressed.

तत् (tat) - referring to the promised destruction; used here as 'therefore' (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the preceding statement (the promised destruction).

चिन्तयथ (cintayatha) - you two should consider (consider, reflect)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of cint

Imperative mood

Second person plural imperative. Derived from √cit (class 1, 10), here in causative/denominative stem 'cintaya'.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Directed at the two rākṣasas.

यत् (yat) - that which is proper (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Corresponds to 'tat'.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - able, fit, suitable, proper, patient

Note: Predicate for 'yat'.