वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-6, verse-24

राक्षसैरभिभूताः स्म न शक्ताः स्म उमापते ।
स्वेषु वेश्मसु संस्थातुं भयात्तेषां दुरात्मनाम् ॥२४॥

24. rākṣasairabhibhūtāḥ sma na śaktāḥ sma umāpate ,
sveṣu veśmasu saṃsthātuṃ bhayātteṣāṃ durātmanām.

24. rākṣasaiḥ abhibhūtāḥ sma na śaktāḥ sma umāpate
sveṣu veśmasu saṃsthātum bhayāt teṣām durātmanām

24. umäpate rākṣasaiḥ abhibhūtāḥ sma na śaktāḥ sma
sveṣu veśmasu saṃsthātum bhayāt teṣām durātmanām

24. O Lord of Umā, we are overpowered by the rākṣasas and are unable to stay in our own homes due to fear of those wicked beings.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the rākṣasa demons who are causing distress (by rākṣasas, by demons)

• अभिभूताः (abhibhūtāḥ) - overpowered (by the rākṣasas) (overpowered, overcome, vanquished)

• स्म (sma) - we are (indicating a present state) (we are (past tense marker when used with present verbs))

• न (na) - not

• शक्ताः (śaktāḥ) - capable (of staying) (able, capable)

• स्म (sma) - we are (indicating a present state) (we are (past tense marker when used with present verbs))

• उमापते (umāpate) - O Śiva, addressed by the gods (O Lord of Umā, O husband of Umā)

• स्वेषु (sveṣu) - in our own (homes) (in their own, in our own)

• वेश्मसु (veśmasu) - in our homes (in houses, in homes)

• संस्थातुम् (saṁsthātum) - to reside (in our homes) (to stand, to stay, to reside)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear (of those wicked ones) (from fear, due to fear)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (rākṣasas) (of those, their)

• दुरात्मनाम् (durātmanām) - of those wicked rākṣasas (of the wicked, of the evil-minded)

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the rākṣasa demons who are causing distress (by rākṣasas, by demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa

अभिभूताः (abhibhūtāḥ) - overpowered (by the rākṣasas) (overpowered, overcome, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhibhūta

abhibhūta - overpowered, overcome, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix 'abhi-' + root 'bhū' (to be, to become, to exist) + suffix 'kta' (past passive participle)

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with implied 'vayam' and 'sma'.

स्म (sma) - we are (indicating a present state) (we are (past tense marker when used with present verbs))

(indeclinable)

An enclitic particle, often combined with present tense forms to express past tense. Here, it reinforces the current state.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्ताः (śaktāḥ) - capable (of staying) (able, capable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śakta

śakta - capable, able, powerful

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śak' (to be able) + suffix 'kta' (past passive participle)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with implied 'vayam' and 'sma'.

स्म (sma) - we are (indicating a present state) (we are (past tense marker when used with present verbs))

(indeclinable)

An enclitic particle, often combined with present tense forms to express past tense. Here, it reinforces the current state.

उमापते (umāpate) - O Śiva, addressed by the gods (O Lord of Umā, O husband of Umā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of umāpati

umāpati - husband of Umā (an epithet of Śiva)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (umā+pati)

• umā – Umā (name of Pārvatī)
  proper noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

स्वेषु (sveṣu) - in our own (homes) (in their own, in our own)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self

Note: Agrees with 'veśmasu'.

वेश्मसु (veśmasu) - in our homes (in houses, in homes)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of veśman

veśman - house, dwelling, home

Root: viś (class 6)

संस्थातुम् (saṁsthātum) - to reside (in our homes) (to stand, to stay, to reside)

(verb)

active, infinitive of saṃsthā

infinitive

Infinitive form of the verb 'saṃsthā' (root 'sthā' with prefix 'sam')

Prefix: sam

Root: sthā (class 1)

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear (of those wicked ones) (from fear, due to fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of those (rākṣasas) (of those, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'durātmanām'.

दुरात्मनाम् (durātmanām) - of those wicked rākṣasas (of the wicked, of the evil-minded)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - wicked, evil-minded, vile person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, essence, mind, spirit
  noun (masculine)

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