वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-41, verse-5

चरन्तो मृगयां हृष्टाः पापेनोपाधिना वने ।
अनेन निहता राम राजानः कामरूपिणा ॥५॥

5. caranto mṛgayāṃ hṛṣṭāḥ pāpenopādhinā vane ,
anena nihatā rāma rājānaḥ kāmarūpiṇā.

5. carantaḥ mṛgayām hṛṣṭāḥ pāpena upādhinā
vane anena nihatāḥ rāma rājānaḥ kāmarūpiṇā

5. rāma vane mṛgayām carantaḥ hṛṣṭāḥ rājānaḥ
anena pāpena kāmarūpiṇā upādhinā nihatāḥ

5. O Rāma, kings who were happily hunting in the forest have been killed by this wicked one, this shapeshifter, by means of a disguise.

Words meanings summery:

• चरन्तः (carantaḥ) - roaming, hunting (wandering, moving, going, practising)

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for hunting (hunting, the chase, game)

• हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, happily (delighted, joyful, pleased)

• पापेन (pāpena) - by the wicked one (Maricha) (by evil, by sin, by the wicked one)

• उपाधिना (upādhinā) - by means of a disguise (by means of a disguise, by a trick, by a deception)

• वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the woods)

• अनेन (anena) - by this one (Maricha) (by this, by him)

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, defeated)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma!

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

• कामरूपिणा (kāmarūpiṇā) - by the shapeshifter (Maricha) (by the one who can change form at will, by the shapeshifter)

Words meanings and morphology

चरन्तः (carantaḥ) - roaming, hunting (wandering, moving, going, practising)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of carat

carat - moving, wandering, going, practicing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root car (to move, wander, walk) with present participle suffix -at.

Root: car (class 1)

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - for hunting (hunting, the chase, game)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, the chase, game

Feminine noun.

Note: Denotes purpose of 'carantaḥ'.

हृष्टाः (hṛṣṭāḥ) - joyful, happily (delighted, joyful, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, pleased, gladdened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ (to rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

पापेन (pāpena) - by the wicked one (Maricha) (by evil, by sin, by the wicked one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, a wicked person, sin

Often used as an adjective, but here functions as a noun 'the wicked one'.

Note: Agent of 'nihatāḥ', parallel to 'anena' and 'kāmarūpiṇā'.

उपाधिना (upādhinā) - by means of a disguise (by means of a disguise, by a trick, by a deception)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhi

upādhi - disguise, deception, condition, attribute, distinguishing property

Formed with prefix upa- and root dhā (to place).

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the means by which the kings were killed.

वने (vane) - in the forest (in the forest, in the woods)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Specifies the location of the action.

अनेन (anena) - by this one (Maricha) (by this, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agent of 'nihatāḥ', parallel to 'pāpena' and 'kāmarūpiṇā'.

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective with implied verb 'are'.

राम (rāma) - O Rāma!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (eldest son of Daśaratha)

Note: Direct address.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj

कामरूपिणा (kāmarūpiṇā) - by the shapeshifter (Maricha) (by the one who can change form at will, by the shapeshifter)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāmarūpin

kāmarūpin - taking any form at will, shapeshifter

Bahuvrīhi compound: kāma (desire) + rūpa (form) + -in (possessing).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+rūpa+in)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, will
  noun (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)
• in – possessing, having (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix -in, forming adjectives from nouns.

Note: Agent of 'nihatāḥ', parallel to 'anena' and 'pāpena'.