वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-41, verse-38

उत्थाय बहवो येन मृगयायां जनाधिपाः ।
निहताः परमेष्वासास्तस्माद्वध्यस्त्वयं मृगः ॥३८॥

38. utthāya bahavo yena mṛgayāyāṃ janādhipāḥ ,
nihatāḥ parameṣvāsāstasmādvadhyastvayaṃ mṛgaḥ.

38. utthāya bahavaḥ yena mṛgayāyām janādhipāḥ
nihatāḥ parameṣvāsāḥ tasmāt vadhyaḥ tu ayam mṛgaḥ

38. yena mṛgayāyām bahavaḥ janādhipāḥ parameṣvāsāḥ nihatāḥ utthāya,
tasmāt ayam mṛgaḥ tu vadhyaḥ

38. Because many lords (janādhipāḥ), who were great archers, were killed by this (creature) during a hunt, therefore this deer must be slain.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up, after rising

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• मृगयायाम् (mṛgayāyām) - in hunting, during a hunt

• जनाधिपाः (janādhipāḥ) - kings, lords of men

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck down

• परमेष्वासाः (parameṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, having excellent bows

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, killable, fit for slaughter

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer, animal, beast

Words meanings and morphology

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up, after rising

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, abundant

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

मृगयायाम् (mṛgayāyām) - in hunting, during a hunt

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase, sport

जनाधिपाः (janādhipāḥ) - kings, lords of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, protector
  noun (masculine)

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed, slain, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'han' with prefix 'ni-'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

परमेष्वासाः (parameṣvāsāḥ) - great archers, having excellent bows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parameṣvāsa

parameṣvāsa - an excellent archer, having a great bow

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (parama+iṣvāsa)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣvāsa – archer, bowman (literally 'arrow-thrower' or 'one who wields a bow')
  noun (masculine)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'tad' used as an adverb.

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, killable, fit for slaughter

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, worthy of death, killable

Gerundive

Derived from the root 'han' (to strike, to kill).

Root: han (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

मृगः (mṛgaḥ) - deer, animal, beast

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, game